Past Student Award Recipients

Graduate Research Fellowship

Logan Fries
University of Connecticut
Black Hole Archaeology: Mapping the Growth History of Black Holes Over Cosmic Time

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can be completely described by just two numbers: their mass, and spin. While SMBH mass has been extensively studied over the past few decades, an understudied phenomenon of SMBHs is their spin. The spin of supermassive black holes encodes their growth history, with rapid spinning SMBHs indicating growth through ordered accretion and slowly spinning SMBHs indicating growth through mergers. This proposal aims to measure, for the first time, SMBH spin over 10 billion years by fitting accretion disk models to the UV/optical SEDs of 120 SMBHs.

Jonathan Gewirtzman
Yale University
Measuring and synthesizing tree methane flux dynamics across scales: Bridging knowledge gaps in emissions, uptake, and ecosystem budgets

I propose to investigate tree-mediated methane (CH₄) flux dynamics to advance understanding of forest contributions to global greenhouse gas budgets. Although forests are traditionally viewed as carbon sinks, trees can also act as sources or sinks of CH₄, a potent greenhouse gas, with many uncertainties remaining around upland systems, vertical flux variability, and tree-internal methane oxidation. Through this NASA Connecticut Space Grant Consortium Graduate Fellowship, I will synthesize field measurements, structural data, and continuous flux monitoring. Specifically, I will (1) process terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data to scale flux measurements across mangrove disturbance gradients, (2) deploy automated stem flux monitoring systems in temperate forests, and (3) participate in synthesis efforts to standardize cross-ecosystem methodologies. This work directly supports NASA’s Earth Science Division by improving integration of ground flux measurements with remotely sensed forest structure, advancing carbon monitoring capabilities. Outcomes will include methane budget models, cross-ecosystem comparisons, and data products informing climate science and policy, while supporting my career in biogeochemistry and Earth system science.

Tarek Ibrahim
University of New Haven
Synthesis of Fully Biomass-Derived, NIR-Triggered Self-Healing Polymer Materials for Space Applications

Petroleum-based polymers are critical to NASA’s missions; however, due to the depletion of these non-renewable resources, there is growing interest in biomass-derived polymers. This project aims to develop fully biomass-based, self-healing polymers that incorporate polydopamine nanoparticles for space applications. The proposed composites will repair themselves and resist harmful radiation. Moreover, their high photothermal conversion efficiency allows for the conversion of near-infrared radiation into heat, providing warmth to astronauts in extreme cold environments, such as Mars. We envision that this study will introduce next-generation materials for NASA’s space-related applications by constructing durable spacecraft and shielding astronauts from radiation during space exploration.

Katherine Morin
Wesleyan University
Characterization of the Alteration of Volcanic Glasses Exposed to Venus Surface Conditions

I propose to characterize the mineralogy and morphology of six volcanic glasses of varying composition exposed to simulated Venus surface conditions at 460°C and 93 bars for 60 days in the NASA Glenn Extreme Environments Rig. The weathering products of rocks at Venus conditions have not been experimentally determined. I will combine phase equilibria modeling, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to identify secondary mineral phases that constrain the types and relative rates of solid-gas reactions. Project results will facilitate the interpretation of emissivity data to be collected by the NASA DAVINCI and VERITAS missions.

Brooke Thibodeau
University of Connecticut
Quantum Computing Applied to Swarm Robotics

The objective of this project is to develop a quantum computing (QC) algorithm to guide a swarm of agents to a target through an arena with obstacles. Grover’s algorithm and parametric quantum circuits will be tested to find the best path for agents to reach a target within an arena. This solution will integrate a quantum exploration-exploitation scheme and a quantum swarming algorithm that will be implemented using IBM’s quantum hardware. We expect that quantum algorithms will result in new emerging path configurations that are not attainable via classical computing due to state superposition and entanglement. In the future, the trained algorithms could be run locally via quantum simulators on actual drones. This could be applied to a set of arial or wheeled drones in cases of space or planetary exploration as well as inspection of space vehicles or stations.

Undergraduate Research Grant

Ellis Eisenberg
Yale University
Cross-Correlation Functions for Targeted Gravitational Wave Searches

Gravitational waves are the latest predictions from Einstein's theory of General Relativity to be detected. In 2023, NANOGrav found evidence for a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB). The findings suggest that this background arises from the superposition of gravitational wave signals from merging supermassive black hole binaries. Confirmation for this detection is found by detecting the Hellings and Downs curve - the relation between the angular separation of pulsars and pulsar signal arrival time asynchronism. By deriving an expanded version of the Hellings-Downs curve, we hope to account for anisotropy to greatly improve sky localization for continuous wave searches.

Caroline Kilian
Central Connecticut State University
Measuring Dynamical Masses of Gas-Bearing Debris Disk Host Stars

Astronomers have long relied on indirect methods of measurement for determining stellar mass, primarily by comparing stellar evolution models to photometry and spectroscopy of the stellar atmosphere. Opportunities for performing direct mass measurements are rare. One way this analysis is possible is measuring the velocity of gas surrounding a star and applying Kepler’s Third Law. This project will use data from Gaia and ALMA to determine the dynamical mass of a twelve-star sample in order to test the accuracy of stellar evolution models for a population of older and more isolated stars than previous studies have investigated.

Parker Laframboise
University of Hartford
Advanced Complementary Split Ring Resonator Meta-sensors for In-Situ Astronaut Biomedical Diagnostics

This project proposes the design and utilization of metamaterial complementary split-ring resonator (MM-CSRR) sensors for non-invasive, real-time health monitoring during space missions. Operating across VHF to C-band frequencies, these sensors detect bio-electrical and bio-dielectric changes associated with radiation-induced conditions. By addressing the heightened risks from prolonged cosmic radiation exposure, this innovation aligns with NASA’s Space Technology and Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorates, enhancing astronaut health monitoring and mission safety.

Theodore Smith
University of Connecticut
The Coronal Line Region of Active Galactic Nuclei

We propose a reverberation analysis of the coronal line region in 228 objects in the RM field of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Coronal lines are a species of high energy emission lines that serve as a tracer for AGN activity. In previous work, we found that the coronal line region is at a radius of 381 light-days from a galaxy’s supermassive black hole and that the coronal line region was plausibly in a gravitationally dominated orbit. This project would aim to measure these same properties for numerous AGN and provide valuable insight into the nature of the coronal line region.

Frank Villani
University of Hartford
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Superlenses for Planetary Exploration

The goal of this project is to fabricate microwave superlenses for high-resolution scanning of Martian surfaces, supporting NASA’s pursuit of adaptable, multifunctional manufacturing technologies. To achieve this, the project develops a UV laser resin/paste extruder for hybrid 3D printing of conductive structures on FDM platforms. Leveraging a custom-formulated resin containing nano and macro graphene particles, the system enables precise deposition and real-time UV curing of electrically active materials. A working prototype, material characterization, and a functional superlens will demonstrate the system’s potential for in-situ production of electromagnetic devices and integrated sensors for planetary exploration.

Student Project Grant

Yuriy Bilous
Central Connecticut State University
Bench Top Pneumatic Sorting System

This project focuses on developing a modular pneumatic sorting system capable of categorizing objects based on properties such as surface finish and color. The prototype will use poker chips to demonstrate precision and automation. The project supports NASA’s Mission Directorates by emphasizing automation, modularity, and portability—critical factors in aerospace. The system will combine mechanical, electronic, and pneumatic elements to ensure accurate and efficient sorting.

Joseph Chung
University of Hartford
3D Integral Imaging and Display (AR, VR, AI)

This undergraduate research project explores the integration of 3D integral imaging technology with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) systems. By developing a prototype using smart-glasses or holographic displays, the project aims to create true 3D autostereoscopic displays that offer immersive user experiences beyond current 2D limitations. The research includes building optical sensing systems, applying AI for image processing and user interaction, and testing applications relevant to NASA’s aerospace and space exploration missions. This work supports future innovations in visualization, terrain mapping, and real-time decision-making in high-stakes environments.

Annika LeBoeuf
University of Hartford
Advancing Undergraduate Aerospace Engineering: Level 2 High-Power Rocket Certification for AURORA at the University of Hartford

The University of Hartford’s Advanced Undergraduate Rocketry Operations and Research Association (AURORA) is seeking funding from the NASA Connecticut Space Grant Consortium to support the design, construction, and NAR Level 2 certification of multiple high-power rockets.

This project will advance members’ skills in complex aerospace systems, including electrical, avionic, and structural subsystems, while aligning with the requirements of the National Association of Rocketry (NAR). Students from across CETA and the arts, including those in robotics, civil engineering, and graphic design, will collaborate on high-level design, fabrication, propulsion, avionics, and recovery system integration. Artistic contributions such as visual design, branding, and educational outreach also play a key role. This hands-on initiative builds on the club’s successful Level 1 certification efforts and directly supports NASA’s mission to cultivate the next generation of aerospace professionals through interdisciplinary collaboration.

Charntell Mgubo
Central Connecticut State University
Variable Assistance Unloader Brace

Knee injuries and joint decay are serious issues within the biomechanical realm and while braces on the market are easily accessible, they are difficult to use properly and aren’t well tailored to the individual. This project aims to develop an easy-to-use, sensor-integrated assistive knee brace that provides variable support for individuals with load-bearing difficulties. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition in which cartilage gradually deteriorates. Unicompartmental knee OA is specifically associated with misalignment of the knee, whereby one region of the knee is impacted, while other parts remain healthy. Targeting unicompartmental OA, this device will help reduce pain and improve knee alignment.

Student Travel Grant

Jorge Cortina
Central Connecticut State University
International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (IMECE) in Memphis, TN, November 16-20, 2025

The purpose of the trip is to present the results of our Mechanical Engineering Capstone Project which was completed in Spring 2025. These results will be presented in the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (IMECE) which will take place in Memphis, TN from November 16-20, 2025.

At this meeting, we will be presenting the design process performed to redesign a previous version of a VAWT to increase the efficiency and improve its structure to make it more functional and aesthetically pleasing.

Anatol Gogoj
University of Connecticut
ASME SMASIS 2025; St. Louis, MO

Travel to ASME SMASIS 2025 to present paper on Ultra-resilient Dielectric Elastomer Actuators for Extreme Environment Applications

Riley Houser
Yale University
2025 Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, September 16-19, Maui, Hawaii.

Over the past academic year, our subteam within Yale's Space Policy Research Collaborative (SPRC) has conducted an in-depth investigation into the potential consequences of Russia deploying a nuclear satellite into low-Earth orbit (LEO). Our research examines the legal, political, and environmental fallout that such a maneuver could provoke, offering mitigation strategies and international policy recommendations. We have submitted this work to several national undergraduate research conferences focusing on aerospace, defense, and space sustainability. Attendance at these conferences will allow our team to receive valuable feedback from policy professionals and fellow researchers, expand our academic network, and represent Yale in urgent conversations around space security and planetary defense.

Owen Pinhasi
Yale University
AMOS Conference; Maui, Hawaii

The Space Policy Research Collaborative (SPRC) at Yale University is developing a scalable pipeline for Uncorrelated Track (UCT) identification in support of national Space Domain Awareness. In partnership with the U.S. Space Force SDA TAP Lab, the team has created benchmarking datasets, probabilistic tracking models, and a physics-informed analysis framework. This research aligns with NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) by advancing autonomous space surveillance and orbital safety. Travel to the 2025 AMOS Conference will enable the team to present findings, receive expert feedback, and explore

collaborations with NASA-affiliated researchers and institutions.

Maria Storch
Yale University
“Governing Space Security: An Analysis of the Potential for a Binding Multilateral Treaty”—at the AIAA ASCEND 2025 conference in Las Vegas

We are applying for funding to support travel to the ASCEND 2025 conference, hosted by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), where our research team has been accepted to present. AIAA ASCEND is a premier, interdisciplinary space conference held annually in Las Vegas, Nevada, that brings together government, industry, and academic leaders shaping the future of space. Our team will be presenting “Governing Space Security: An Analysis of the Potential for a Binding Multilateral Treaty,” which explores the feasibility of a new international legal framework to address the growing threat of space militarization. We have included a copy of our abstract and acceptance email in this application. Travel to ASCEND is essential for us to share our findings with policy experts, gather feedback from stakeholders in the field, and build a professional network as aspiring space policy scholars and practitioners.

Scholarship: Community College

Devon Binette
CT State Community College - Northwestern

Josef Blizzard
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley

Donald Capuano
CT State Community College - Northwestern

Kevin Concepcion
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley

Justin Gonzalez
CT State Community College - Norwalk

Christine Gonzalez Figueroa
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley

Aleena Marmolejos
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley

Maritza Sanchez
CT State Community College - Gateway

Scholarship: Community College Transfer

Sylvia Agbolosu Mrytaj
Central Connecticut State University

Ayssar Farah
University of Connecticut

Scholarship: Undergraduate

Joshua Asoh
Central Connecticut State University

Elia Bllani
University of Hartford

Katherine Boehme
University of Hartford

Bryce Cadwallader
Central Connecticut State University

Margaret Lagana
Central Connecticut State University

Jhonjairo Zaldivar
Central Connecticut State University

Graduate Research Fellowships

Anatol Gogoj
University of Connecticut
Novel High-Deflection High-Precision DEA-AFC Hybrid Actuator

This research aims to develop a hybrid soft robotic actuator by integrating Autodynamic Flexible Circuits (AFCs) with Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs). This hybrid system will enhance the force output, deflection range, speed, and precision, overcoming the limitations of AFCs. The project involves designing, fabricating, and testing a prototype, assessing its performance in simulated space environments. Potential applications include adaptive space structures for debris mitigation, In-space Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (ISAM), and dynamic surfaces for telescopes and antenna dishes. This work aligns with NASA’s STMD and ESDMD, advancing innovative robotic systems for space exploration.

Gabriel Grant
Fairfield University
Enhancing Autonomous UAV Capabilities: Advanced Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Research and Education

This project aims to enhance the autonomous capabilities of a heavy-lift octocopter by developing a sophisticated obstacle avoidance system. Through the integration of 360-degree sensors and a secondary flight control unit, the UAV will be capable of navigating complex environments without relying on GPS. This research aligns with NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) by advancing autonomous navigation technologies necessary for exploration in GPS-denied environments, such as deep space or planetary missions. The octocopter’s payload capacity and enhanced autonomy also support NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD), enabling critical Earth and planetary research. This project fosters innovation in UAV technology to further NASA’s exploration and technology goals.

Victor Jimenez-Santiago
University of Connecticut
Low-Profile Haptics for Space Applications Using Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Haptics allow for enhanced sensing capabilities in environments and tasks in which the sense of touching is constrained, reduced, or completely absent. Smart materials can provide means to develop haptic devices for confined spaces in which more traditional devices would be too large. This project aims to explore the capabilities of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) as the stimulation mechanism for wearable low-profile haptic devices, which could provide sensory assistance for astronauts during training, microgravity environments, and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) missions.

Gerald Malloy
Fairfield University
Automated Defect Detection and Sorting System using a Robot Arm Equipped with a Vision Camera

This project develops an automated defect detection and sorting system, integrating a FANUC CR-i7A robot arm with a Cognex s8000 5 MP Performance vision camera to enhance quality control in manufacturing. It focuses on detecting surface defects in ceramic blocks, programming the robot arm for precise sorting based on detection results, and continuously calibrating the system for accuracy. The system supports NASA’s Science, Space Technology, and Human Exploration and Operations mission directorates by providing advanced quality control solutions for space exploration equipment. This research aims to improve manufacturing efficiency, reduce defects, and support NASA's pursuit of advanced technologies for space exploration.

Elias Mansell
Wesleyan University
Parametrically Modeling the Radial Structure of Debris Disks With ARKS

The structure of debris disks can provide insights into the dynamics, formation, and evolution of planetary systems, yet previous observations of these objects at millimeter wavelengths have been limited by the large time investment necessary to resolve their faint emission. The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper Substructures (ARKS) has observed 18 debris disks at 850 μm at high resolution and fit parametric models to the data using MCMC methods. Results from these models indicate that the radial substructures of debris disks differ from those found in protoplanetary disks. This research supports the NASA Planetary Science and Exoplanet Exploration strategic objectives.

Edward Pomianek
University of Connecticut
Tunable Surfaces Capable of De-icing and Anti-fouling for Space Flight and Exploration

This research proposal aims to develop electrically tunable surfaces using laterally aligned dielectric elastomer actuators (LMDEAs) and evaluate their use for de-icing and anti-fouling applications on spacecraft. Ice formation on exterior surfaces during space launch as well as microbial growth on interior surfaces of human-inhabited spacecraft are two critical safety challenges. By integrating these devices onto the surfaces of NASA’s Space Launch System and crewed spacecraft, the developed technology could address these challenges in future missions, enhancing safety and sustainability in human space exploration.

Student Project Grants

George Henderson
Trinity College
Design and Synthesis of a Wearable Body Heat Regulator

This project aims to build a portable device to regulate personal body temperature. Theoretically, the proposed device would utilize either thermoelectric cooling or a fluid refrigeration cycle, governed by an automatic control system to keep body temperature in a safe range. While the prototype is intended for cooling athletes in extreme heat, temperature-regulating systems are crucial to human space presence and exploration, a primary focus of the Space Operations Mission Directorate. Personal cooling systems are a vital component of life support inside spacesuits, and the proposed system could provide an alternative or advancement to regulatory systems currently in use.

Casimir Hixon
Yale University
Project Liquid

Project Liquid at Yale University is focused on developing a bipropellant liquid propulsion system. The team is currently working on designing and manufacturing a liquid-fueled engine capable of producing 1000 lbf of thrust, with the goal of propelling a rocket to 10,000 feet. Since starting in 2021, they have successfully developed and tested an Augmented Spark Igniter, completing two static fire tests. This year, the team aims to finalize the engine and conduct a full system test by December 2024, and the team is planning to launch the full-scale rocket in June, 2025.

Doria Lukasik-Drescher
Sacred Heart University
Project Luna

This project aims to design and build an autonomous spherical solar-powered rover with retractable legs capable of collecting data from both its internal systems and external environment. In alignment with NASA’s Exploration Systems and Development Mission Directorate, this project aims to address exploration challenges related to energy consumption, mobility, and the speed of mission results. The rover’s spherical design ensures enhanced maneuverability, while the retractable legs ensure the rover can recover from difficult terrain conditions. By utilizing solar panels, the rover will harness solar energy to operate independently for extended periods and increase its capability for long-duration missions. The planned initial implementation methods include designing, building, and testing a small-scaled solar-powered system by Doria Lukasik-Drescher and a self-leveling structure on top of a small-scaled car by Julia Piascik.

Alex Moura
University of Hartford
Advancing Student Aerospace Engineering: Level 1 High-Power Rocket Certification for AURORA at the University of Hartford

The University of Hartford Rocketry team seeks funding through the CTSGC project grant to support the design and construction of Level 1 certification rockets. These rockets will be built to meet the requirements for certification by either the Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA) or the National Association of Rocketry (NAR). This project will allow club members to gain hands-on experience in rocketry, from initial design through to successful launch and certification. By acquiring and working with essential materials, the team will further their skills in engineering, aerodynamics, and propulsion, aligning with NASA's mission to advance aerospace technology and foster STEM education.

Eduardo Rodriguez
Trinity College
Sign Language Glove with 3D Visual Device

Communication is a barrier that many ASL users face with non sign-language users. The Sign Language glove with the 3D visual display will bridge this divide by translating ASL into English with a gesture recognition algorithm. The screen will receive an English input and convert it into a 3D ASL visual. Its application mainly relates to NASA’s Space Operations directorate, where it would function as an emergency protocol should any technical difficulties occur on a mission. This tool would push for a more inclusive environment for ASL users and combat any misconceptions that they cannot succeed in a professional setting.

Student Travel Grants

Katie Ciurleo
Wesleyan University
Present at AAS - Identifying “True” Type 2 Seyfert Candidates in the Chandra Source Catalog CSC2.1p

I request $1500 of travel funding to attend the 245th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, where I will present a sample of “True” Type 2 Seyfert AGN candidates identified from the Chandra X-ray Observatory catalog. This research makes use of archival data from one of NASA’s "Great Observatories" and directly supports the Physics of the Cosmos Focused Program’s goal to understand the nature of black holes using high-energy astrophysics. Funding to cover the cost of registration and accommodations will allow me the opportunity to make meaningful and lasting connections with professionals whose individual perspectives will be invaluable.

Eric Dillner
Fairfield University
Travel to Materials Research Society (MRS) Spring 2024 Meeting for Presentation of TPMS Structure and PCM as Aerospace Thermal Management Systems Research

Our research on 3D-Printed Metal TPMS structures embedded with PCM for thermal energy storage is being considered for presentation at the MRS Spring 2025 Meeting, focusing on aerospace applications. By utilizing Fischer-Koch (FKS) structures, the study aims to optimize heat transfer and improve thermal conductivity, aligning with NASA's mission for efficient spacecraft thermal regulation. Current work uses stainless steel, with future tests planned for copper to enhance thermal properties. Additionally, the goal is to find alternatives to paraffin wax as PCM and explore new materials to enhance functionality. We are looking for $1,467 of funding from the CTSGC.

Owen Gonzales
Wesleyan University
Travel to AAS 245

I propose to travel to the 245th AAS conference in National Harbor, Maryland to present research on variability in the star formation histories (SFHs) of early-Universe galaxies, which are thought to be  bursty in nature. We quantify the variability, duty cycle, and inter-burst period of the SFHs of over 2300 simulated galaxies at redshift z>5 using the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations and investigate how these metrics vary with stellar mass and redshift. We consider several methods of SFH construction, some which are more akin to observational methods and others which are closer to the true history of the galaxy.

Elias Mansell
Wesleyan University
Travel to AAS Winter Meeting to Present Research for ARKS

Abstract
The structure of debris disks provides insights into the dynamics, formation, and evolution of planetary systems, yet previous observations of these objects at millimeter wavelengths have been limited by the large time investment necessary to resolve their faint emission. The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper Substructures (ARKS) has observed 18 debris disks at 850 μm at high resolution and fit parametric models to the data. I will present the results from our radial structure models—which indicate that debris disks are structurally different from protoplanetary disks—at the January AAS meeting, supporting NASA Planetary Science and Exoplanet Exploration strategic objectives.

Catherine Sarosi
Wesleyan University
Travel to the 245th American Astronomical Society Meeting in National Harbor, MD

The 245th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society presents an opportunity for the brightest minds in American Astronomy to come together and exchange ideas. Funding through this travel grant will allow me to attend the meeting and present my Master's research, which aims to shed light on the origins of the gas in the 49 Ceti debris disk. To do this, we use a modeling framework that allows us to vary key assumptions about the disk's composition and evolution and generate synthetic visibilities directly comparable to ALMA observations. Through this analysis, we can gain insights into the distribution of gas that will allow us to determine the composition of 49 Ceti's unexpectedly massive gas reservoir. In presenting this work, I will also have the opportunity to expand my professional network and knowledge through exposure to cutting-edge research on circumstellar disks.

Undergraduate Research Grants

Yu-Ting Chang
Yale University
Effects of Chromatic Noise Mismodeling on Gravitational Wave Background Detection with Pulsar Timing Array Datasets

Signatures of gravitational waves (GWs), theorized to be generated by supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), have been found in pulsar timing array (PTA) datasets. However, these measurements are affected by the modeling of other noise processes in pulsars, such as interstellar medium dispersion and scattering. To investigate the effects of chromatic noise mismodeling, we will apply alternative Gaussian process noise models to simulated PTA datasets. Our preliminary work using these models on the 15-year NANOGrav dataset measures GW properties more consistent with SMBHB model predictions. This project directly relates to the NASA SMD to learn about SMBHs and galaxy evolution.

Nicholas Krupa
University of Hartford
Phased Array Antenna Design, Fabrication, and Application for Satellite and Space Communication

This research aims to develop a novel phased array antenna system operating in the UHF to X-band regime for space communication, addressing the demand for compact, high-frequency beam steering in satellite transmissions. The project focuses on designing and fabricating an X-band software-defined radio (SDR) vector network analyzer (VNA) to characterize metasurfaces and metamaterials through frequency modulation. By leveraging the unique properties of these engineered materials, we seek to enhance beamforming capabilities and improve the efficiency of satellite communication systems. The anticipated outcome is a highly adaptable antenna system capable of tuning across a range of frequencies, a development that will significantly advance space communication technology and inspire future missions.

Kenny Phan
Yale University
Lightcurve Analysis of Solar System Objects via the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

While the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) was designed to detect exoplanet transits, due to its wide field of view the satellite has also observed many gas giants and minor planets within the solar system. We will develop an open-source Python pipeline to investigate these objects via TESS, and translate this pipeline into a learning experience for local students. This project furthers, as outlined in Science 2020-24: A Vision for Scientific Excellence, NASA’s Science Mission Directorate Strategies 1.1, 1.4, and 2.5 for planetary defense and science, and 4.1 and 4.3 for community outreach and education.

Andrew Rittenberg
University of Hartford
Development of High Dielectric and Low Loss Materials for 3D Printing Technologies Applied to Metamaterial Space Technology Communication and Imaging

This project focuses on modifying a Lulzbot TAZ6 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer to enable sustained high-temperature printing with abrasive ceramic filaments, aimed at fabricating compact flat dielectric metamaterial lenses. Additionally, a cycling and mixing system will be designed and integrated into the Phrozen Sonic Mighty 12K stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer to produce highly detailed dielectric and conductive metamaterial devices using photopolymer resins. These innovations are geared toward developing compact, efficient metamaterial flat lenses optimized for light collimation, dual focusing, and long-range transmission, particularly within the microwave X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz), with potential applications in imaging and satellite communication.

Lana Zheng
Yale University
Comparing Mouse Cerebrovascular Responses Between Spaceflight and a Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Model Using Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics

Spaceflight poses significant health risks to astronauts, including chronic exposure to ionizing radiation and microgravity, leading to systemic inflammation and oxidative damage. The molecular basis of these inflammatory effects within the space environment remains to be defined, but emerging evidence suggests that deep space radiation may exacerbate central nervous system (CNS) damage via the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. By investigating the gene expression changes related to mouse neuronal and BBB responses to spaceflight and comparing them to a terrestrial model of BBB dysfunction, the project aims to characterize the pathways that contribute to heightened CNS vulnerability following disrupted BBB physiology. Utilizing spatial transcriptomics, this work will comparatively analyze mice exposed to spaceflight conditions on the Rodent Research 10 (RR-10) mission and terrestrially located mice with an inducible knockout of the endothelial-specific BBB development gene (Unc5b). Preliminary analysis of comparative spatial transcriptomics data suggests multiple overlapping changes in gene expression. Notably, we have observed an upregulation in Gfap gene expression in hippocampus both in space-flown mice compared to ground controls and in Uncb-endothelial cell knockout mouse model, marking of reactive astrocytes, which form an astrocytic scar and regulate BBB permeability during CNS injury and inflammation.

Community College Scholarships

Branyelis Brito Polanco
CT State Community College – Gateway
Community College Scholarship

Arden Chiucarello
CT State Community College - Manchester
Community College Scholarship

Kevin Concepcion
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley
Community College Scholarship

Christine Gonzalez
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley
Community College Scholarship

Isabella Molina
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley
Community College Scholarship

Solana Ourn
CT State Community College - Capital
Community College Scholarship

Community College Transfer Scholarships

Margaret Lagana
Central Connecticut State University
Community College Transfer Scholarship

Joey Gonzalez
Central Connecticut State University
Community College Transfer Scholarship

Undergraduate Scholarships

Joseph Borges
Fairfield University
Undergraduate Scholarship

Ryan Cappella
Central Connecticut State University
Undergraduate Scholarship

Tasneem Kandawala
Sacred Heart University
Undergraduate Scholarship

Tessa Masi
Central Connecticut State University
Undergraduate Scholarship

Matthew Mitchell
Central Connecticut State University
Undergraduate Scholarship

Kaleigh Spencer
Trinity College
Undergraduate Scholarship

Student Project Grant

John Chiodo
Fairfield University
The Electro-Pneumatic Air Shock Optimization System

This system enhances suspension performance in off-road vehicles that utilize airshocks. During vehicle operation, it allows for driver input and external monitoring, eliminating the need for manual adjustments. Integrating an onboard computer, pneumatics, and a user interface, the technology employs shock pressure values to optimize suspension performance. Tailored for performance-centric markets like off-road racing organizations and personal vehicles, the system aims to redefine operational performance. The technological advancement of the system reflects the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and the possible applications to extraterrestrial vehicles align with the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, developing systems to explore Lunar and Martian surfaces.

Student Travel Grant

Jacob Bowie
University of Connecticut
Travel Grant: Spaceflight Human Optimization and Performance Summit

Our recent CTSG funded study highlighted the efficacy of a minimal dose exercise protocol. Attendance at the Spaceflight Human Optimization and Performance Summit in Houston, Texas will allow access to experts in the field and their latest research findings to inform our further research objectives and design. This research will advance exercise countermeasures for cardiovascular and muscular fitness (NASA human research roadmap gaps A7 and M9, respectively). Additionally, this travel will support NASA strategic objectives 2.3 (maintain crew health and performance) and 1.3 (to ensure dissemination of NASA funded research).

Mary Clare Greenlees
Wesleyan University
Travel to the 55th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

The focus of my graduate work is the study of the weathering of montmorillonite under ambient pressure with Venus’s temperature and atmospheric composition conditions. This work is carried out to understand the consequences of weathering on visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to facilitate interpretations from future Venus missions. Thus, following NASA’s Science Mission Directorate for Planetary Science to “advance scientific knowledge of the Solar System’s origin and history.” I submitted an abstract to the 55th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference titled: “Extreme Weathering: An Investigation of Montmorillonite under Venus-like Conditions”. I am requesting travel funds through the Student Travel Grant to present this research.

Ava Schwarz
Yale University
Space Strategies Center Space Militarization Discussion - Space Policy Research Collaborative

By the conclusion of the Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association’s Space Policy Research Collaborative (SPRC), several focused research teams will produce full-length reports and accompanying briefings of sufficient detail and insight so as to be presentable to an official policy-making organization. The SPRC will partner with the Yale Joseph P. Allen i5 Squadron as well as receive direct mentorship from the Hacking for Defense national corporation to produce the most informed and effective work, targeting a spectrum of space topics, from detecting launches to navigating the military-industrial space complex to the regulatory implications of a proliferated space systems communication architecture.

Undergraduate Research Grant

Madeleine Biardi
Fairfield University
Grant Proposal for 8 Week Internal Wave Driven Mixing in Canyons Research

Following an 8 week program, we will analyse models of internal wave driven mixing within submarine canyons, with conditions mimicking those of real life data collections, to determine the viability of our models and how they can contribute to climate models for greater accuracy. These models will also determine which parts of the simulation reveal what real life data cannot, or data that cannot be collected within real life constraints. The budget for 8 weeks of research have been calculated, and several benefits of the research apply to the researcher, such as gained skills in coding and writing.

Louis Cedarbaum
Wesleyan University
Training a Neural Network to Recognize Galactic Properties from Image Data

Despite our wealth of observational capabilities, information from galaxy image analysis is limited in scope and physical properties tend to be derived from spectra. This project aims to bridge this gap using machine learning. Galaxy simulations are a crucial tool for investigating the evolution and makeup of galaxies and provide a variety of useful data that can be translated into images and information about physical properties. We will use the IllustrisTNG-50 galaxy simulation to train a Convolutional Neural Network to recognize physical properties of galaxies, particularly related to star formation history, from observational images.

Ethan Chow
Fairfield University
Projected Changes in Future Extreme Snowfall in the White Mountains in the CMIP6 Ensemble

The goal of this project is to formulate predictions of future extreme snowfall in the White Mountains region using historical and current models. The expected outcomes of this research are to publish a conclusive paper and create a presentation. To do this, changes in extreme snowfall in the CMIP6 ensemble will be analyzed and modeled. Predictions of future extreme snowfall answers multiple questions about how the Earth system is changing as well as falls under the foci of Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics (WAD) and Climate Variability and Change (CVC).

Brody Matijevic
Fairfield University
Projecting Changes in Extreme Snow Over Northeast US

Observations show that the magnitude of extreme precipitation over the Northeast United States has been increasing over the past several decades, and modeling studies suggest that such an increase in magnitude (and frequency) is likely to continue. Furthermore, recent modeling studies project an increase in wintertime extreme precipitation over the region. Given that the region frequently experiences wintertime precipitation in the forms of rain, freezing rain, sleet, and snow, there is interest in understanding how each of these will change in a warming climate. Here, we undertake a study of future trends in extreme snowfall over the region using a suite of dynamically-downscaled climate models. We will present a comprehensive overview of the change in extreme snowfall statistics diagnosed from the simulations, providing detailed analysis of trends in both extreme snowfall magnitude and frequency. Furthermore, we will present our analysis of the trends in timing between extreme snowfall and extreme rainfall events and other compounded wintertime extreme precipitation events, which have significant implications for flooding. While our analysis is ongoing, the results presented have real and immediate implications for regional stakeholders and planners.

Sofia Rinaldi
Wesleyan University
Shaken or Stirred? The Kinematics and Morphology of Early Universe Galaxies

Most local-Universe galaxies can be classified by their shape–either as spirals, whose motion is rotation-dominated, or as ellipticals, which are dispersion-dominated. At high redshifts, however, these morphological features, and the kinematic properties they represent, become more ambiguous. Using simulations of massive high-redshift galaxies from the FIRE collaboration, this project investigates the kinematic properties of such galaxies and how they affect morphology. Our preliminary results show that galaxies become more dispersion-dominated and rounder with redshift; future work will expand these analyses, incorporating stellar ages and birth locations, in an effort to contextualize observations of similar galaxies made by JWST.

Community College Scholarships

Josh Calderon
CT Community College Naugatuck Valley

Justin Gonzalez
CT Community College Norwalk

John Guaman Chuqui
CT Community College Naugatuck Valley

Christopher Kulas
CT Community College Naugatuck Valley

Philip Kwiatkowski
CT Community College Middlesex

Nathan Reach
CT Community College Naugatuck Valley

Andrea Rueda
CT Community College Housatonic

Maritza Sanchez
CT Community College Gateway

Angelina Santos
CT Community College Naugatuck Valley

Community College Transfer Scholarships

Zachary Aglieco
Central Connecticut State University

Vince Andre Bucoy
Central Connecticut State University

Hunter Collins
Central Connecticut State University

Undergraduate Scholarships

Herny Almonte Fernandez
Central Connecticut State University

Luis Cardoso
University of Bridgeport

Kaiden Esteves
Central Connecticut State University

Nicholas Krupa
University of Hartford

Justin Niziolek
University of Hartford

Prenavi Rebala
University of Connecticut

Graduate Research Fellowship

Baha Alsaqri
Central Connecticut State University
A Mutational Approach to Determining the Key Outer Membrane Cytochrome Complex for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction by Geobacter Metallireducens

Extracellular electron transfer is used by anaerobic microorganisms that respire Fe(III) oxide. During this process, electrons pass the cell envelope using cytochromes. Geobacter metallireducens contains 3 cytochrome complexes (Pcc’s) that carry electrons from the outer membrane to the extracellular space, but we hypothesize that only 1 Pcc is required. This project’s objective is to determine the key Pcc using a mutational approach. Identifying the key Pcc will advance our understanding of Fe(III) reduction and offer insights into the evolutionary roots of this process. This project aligns with NASA's mission to understand the molecular processes underpinning the conditions for life’s emergence.

Allison Dowling
Wesleyan University
Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Asteroid Ryugu

The return samples of the asteroid Ryugu presents multiple questions about the materials found in the primitive Solar System. The objective of this research is to obtain a better understanding of the oxygen isotopes found in the phosphate in apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH), also known as hydroxyapatite, that is associated with primitive Solar System. While observing the oxygen isotopes, the measurement of bulk (δD) hydroxyapatite will be taken because the hydrogen isotopes help provide indicators for fluid on planetary bodies. In addition, the analysis of δD isotopes can be used to hypothesize the origin of water found on Earth.

Alanna Gado
University of Connecticut
High Efficiency and High Durability Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production with Advanced Catalyst Coated Membranes

The research outlined in this work is focused on the development of PSFA-free PEM water electrolyzers with low hydrogen crossover. The use of a dual platinum recombination later in a selected hydrocarbon membrane will minimize hydrogen crossover while ensuring high efficiency and durability. The development of a high performing, low hydrogen crossover PSFA-free PEMWE supports NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) by providing the ability to use electricity generated by photovoltaic arrays to produce and store hydrogen and oxygen, and then use fuel cells to provide the crew with electrical power as necessary during periods of darkness.

Alexander Petroski
Southern Connecticut State University
Measuring High-Precision Internal Motions at the Core of Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae with Hubble Space Telescope Images

Globular clusters are dense clusters of stars which have eluded our understanding due to the difficulty of obtaining precise measurements of the internal motion of stars in their innermost regions. Using state-of-the-art astrometric techniques, I propose a pilot study of globular cluster 47 Tucanae to obtain higher-than-ever precision measurements of the internal motions of a globular cluster core. I plan to use HST data with an unprecedented time baseline of ~20 years to obtain proper motions per individual star with an error on the order of just 6.5-10 μas/yr. This measurement will help to constrain mass models of the cluster.

Clara Ramirez
University of Connecticut
Enhancing Product Development through the Integration of Model-Based Engineering Strategies and Harnessing the Power of the Digital Thread

This project is dedicated to advancing the system development process by employing innovative Model-Based Engineering (MBE) approaches that contribute to the augmentation and refinement of Digital Thread (DTh) integration. While successful demonstrations of the digital thread have been achieved at the part and process levels, there is a recognized need for further research to establish best practices in building the digital thread at the systems level for complex systems. The research delves into the optimal integration of systems models, physics-based systems models, manufacturing models, and test models to construct a comprehensive digital thread that optimizes processes across the entire development lifecycle.

Undergraduate Research Grants

Seamus Dwyer
Fairfield University
Automated Coil Pipe End Deburring System

Our project aims to increase the efficiency of an automated pipe end deburring system. We intend for our system to operate via brushing methods, replacing the current system of pipe deburring by a drill component. The motivation for this change is that while the drill is effective short-term, the drill has to be replaced at least once a day, halting production and limiting the automation abilities. Our task will be to select a material for the bristles of the brush that can withstand the friction of deburring operation so the brush only has to be replaced approximately every two weeks. We will use strain gages on the coil pipe itself to monitor the behavior of the pipe, ensuring that the force of the deburring does not ultimately weaken the part. We will then use equations of strengths of materials and machine design to calculate the resulting stress in the coil pipe as well as to implement threads and tolerances if necessary. The automated system will run on a basic computer software that inspects the quality of the deburr as a sort of "if/then" statement, which can be verified using lab equipment which takes detailed photos of surfaces on the small scale. The main objective is to match or exceed the abilities of manual deburring, which we estimate to be approximately one pipe per minute for an output of 50-60 pipes per hour. However, the project would be especially worthwhile if we could surpass this minimum rate, perhaps deburring 2-3 pipes per minute.

Chiara Faiola
University of New Haven
Evaluating Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Zinc, and Folate Effects on Protecting Mammalian Cells from Oxidative and Heat Stress Induced Damages and Death

When cells are exposed to stress, they will choose a protective or destructive pathway to prevent the cell from mutating and becoming harmful to its host. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the different effects that vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and folate have on reducing the damaging effects of cell stress, and indicate which supplement is best for cell protection. This research intends to address a more practical method in terms of cost, space, and storage to maintain the health of astronauts for sustained manned missions.

Natasha Lardie
University of Hartford
Exploring Space Transport Routes for Asteroid Mining

Asteroid mining is an up-and-coming venture into the solar system that will help propel humans further into space through the commercial sampling of asteroids. Asteroid mining could have a broad reach that aids in the preservation of Earth's finite landscape. The properties of the Hohmann transfer orbit combined with slingshot maneuvers, available technologies, and where the processing of samples occurs will be explored in regard to energy consumption. The research conducted will provide an interactive activity for high school students that will provide a direct connection to learned material and provide an example of what their futures may hold.

Student Project Grants

Elsa Durcan
Yale University
Drone Navigation in a GPS Denied Environment

Liquid-propellant rockets are used extensively within the aerospace industry for orbital and deeper space missions, aligning it closely with NASA’s HEO Mission Directorate. Unlike solid rocket boosters, they add a higher degree of functionality due to its re-startability, throttling capabilities, and efficiency. Project Liquid is a Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) initiative to develop a deeper scientific understanding of these liquid propulsion technologies. Members will develop the technical skills necessary for post collegiate work in the aerospace industry, which will further humanity’s development of orbital and deep-space rocketry.

Olivia McMichael
Trinity College
Variability in Wave Energy Capturing from Triboelectric Nanogenerator

This project aims to harness renewable energy from ocean waves by utilizing a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) converter. The primary objective is to create a scalable TENG wave energy converter (WEC) that efficiently transforms wave energy into usable electricity. Achieving this involves evaluating various TENG systems and selecting the most suitable one for integration into a WEC. The project also seeks to investigate how wave frequency and amplitude affect power generation, energy conversion and storage. Experimental tests will be conducted in a constructed wave tank under varying wave conditions to refine the design for effective energy conversion and storage.

Grady Morrissey
Yale University
Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) Bouchet Low Earth Alpha-Beta Space Telescope (BLAST) CubeSat

The identification of cosmic ray sources is an active area of research, and the energy distribution of the highest-energy particles at the largest scales has ramifications for cosmology and the theory of particles. We seek to identify and make measurements of the energy of particles in these showers, to contribute to the ongoing collection of data about these rays. Our specific objectives are to build a 2U CubeSat (20 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm) with fully developed radio communication, power supply, and attitude determination and control systems, which will detect cosmic rays in low earth orbit. In this specific proposal, we seek funding for our payload CRD components, and other fabrication expenses
The Bouchet Low Earth Alpha-Beta Space Telescope (BLAST) CubeSat serves as a STEM educational and research opportunity for Yale undergraduates. In 2018, YUAA was selected to participate in NASA’s CubeSat Student Launch Initiative (CSLI) and we have been corresponding with NASA since then. The project is divided into the subsystems of Radio, Cosmic Ray Detector Payload, Power, Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) and Software. Hence team members can explore many aspects of aerospace engineering such as running orbit simulations to determine the performance of the solar panels, designing subsystems to stabilize the position and orientation of the satellite, creating particle detectors in a compact form factor, and developing rigorous flight software. Since few students in YUAA have past experience working with satellites in a professional or research setting, we seek advice from professors and professionals, and review the extant research to make decisions. Learning about satellite construction and the physics of cosmic rays is an essential part of the project. The scientific objective of this project is to monitor changes in the morphology of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The SAA is a region where Earth’s inner van Allen belt drops in altitude from around 450km to around 200km, low enough to affect satellites in low Earth orbit. Satellites passing through the SAA often must shut down to avoid damage. Cosmic rays, high-energy particles of cosmic origin, sometimes become trapped in Earth’s van Allen belts. The CubeSat will include a scintillator-based cosmic ray detector to monitor the fluxes of multiple populations of cosmic rays, including protons and alpha particles. These measurements will allow us to track changes in the shape and size of the SAA. This work is only possible from space because the majority of cosmic rays are absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere. We plan to determine more information about the cosmic rays within the anomaly, and contribute to the ongoing study of this phenomenon.

Feiayn Orourke
University of Hartford
Design and Development of Frequency Selective and Split-Ring Resonator Metamaterial Biological Sensing Technologies

The primary focus of this project is to design, test, and fabricate various configurations of Frequency Selective (FS) and Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) Metamaterial devices for biological sensing purposes. These sensors can be integrated into unmanned space probes and planetary rovers. A simultaneous investigation will be conducted to enhance these sensors for monitoring biological and non-biological impurities in living environments in space. We will use commercial Finite Element (FEM) software to design and test the initial device topologies across various scales of fabrication and frequency ranges within the microwave electromagnetic spectrum. The Multiscale Metamaterial Research Microwave Optics table will be used to test the most promising FS and SRR Metamaterial designs, which will be fabricated using a modified high-precision PCB milling technique. This project will enhance NASA-related research and strengthen collaboration with the Multiscale Metamaterial Research group at the University of Hartford.

Dermot Warner
Fairfield University
Cost Effective Vibration Table

This research project aims to create an affordable, compact vibration table for K-12 classrooms and NASA labs, primarily for testing space component resilience during launches, landings, and missions. The central challenge is to design this table using readily available components. Objectives involve simulating spacecraft mechanical vibrations, assessing diverse materials, and facilitating space system development. Key factors include cost-effectiveness, adaptability to various materials and vibration requirements, and suitability for educational and research applications. The methodology includes component research, design, testing protocol development, and analysis. Successful completion will provide a valuable, cost-effective tool for both education and NASA, enhancing accessibility to insights into space component behavior and system durability.

Zachary Zitzewitz
Yale University
Yale Rocketry Team - Spaceport America Cup '24 Submission

The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) is devoted to helping undergraduates pursue their passion for aerospace, and competing in the Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition (IREC) at Spaceport America will help us achieve our mission. This year, we will finish the construction of a composite single-stage rocket with innovative fabrication techniques to propel it to 10,000 feet above ground level. Redundant onboard electronics, including a student researched and designed flight computer, will deploy parachutes to safely recover the rocket, log flight data, and conduct a fluid dynamics experiment in a high-g environment. This innovative rocket will be flown at IREC during the summer of 2024.

Student Travel Grants

Rewa Bush
Wesleyan University
Travel to 243rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in New Orleans, LA.

I request travel funding to attend the 243rd Meeting of AAS. At the meeting I will present my research probing the latest observations from New Horizons (NH) for evidence of clouds in the local interstellar medium. We use radiative transfer models to determine whether NH has detected an interstellar cloudscape surrounding the heliosphere, increasing our understanding of our solar system’s environs. This funding will enable me to build professional and presentations skills and make connections crucial to my PhD applications. We gratefully acknowledge NASA's support of NH through contract NASW-02008 to SwRI and subcontract R99037CB to Wesleyan University.

Kylyn Smith
Yale University
Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association's Space Policy Research Collaborative

By the conclusion of the Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association’s Space Policy Research Collaborative (SPRC), several focused research teams will produce full-length reports and accompanying briefings of sufficient detail and insight so as to be presentable to an official policy-making organization. The SPRC will partner with the Yale Joseph P. Allen i5 Squadron as well as receive direct mentorship from the Hacking for Defense national corporation to produce the most informed and effective work, targeting a spectrum of space topics, from detecting launches to navigating the military-industrial space complex to the regulatory implications of a proliferated space systems communication architecture.

Gabriella Wilkerson
Wesleyan University
Travel to: The Forks, ME, Trip to the Totality

The Wesleyan Society of Physics Students (SPS) is run by Owen Dunton and Gabriella Wilkerson. SPS seeks a NASA travel grant to facilitate an expedition to the path of totality for the total solar eclipse occurring on April 8th, 2024. The path of totality will be passing just north of Wesleyan University. SPS intends to capitalize on this by organizing a short excursion to The Forks Maine an area nicely centered within the region of interest. The party will leave on 4.7.2024, and drive in rented vans to Cabins at Northern Outdoors in ME. They will stay there until the morning of 4.9.2024, at which point they will venture back to the Wesleyan campus. While there, attendees will work to run relativistic demos, conduct solar observations, and participate in journal clubs relating to the solar eclipse as well as continuing to work on their studies remotely.  Those attending the trip will be undergraduates, grad students, post-docs, and faculty pursuing physics or astrophysics at the University. This trip aligns with the NASA Science Mission Directorate in many ways. Seeing such a natural marvel that specifically aligns with their areas of study will invigorate students to delve deeper into their studies. The integration of individuals at varying levels in their physics careers will allow for bonding and mentorship. Additionally, students intend to document the solar eclipse and will share their exciting experiences and enthusiasm with incoming physics majors. While SPS will be asking for a nominal fee for attending on the trip to supplement the total cost there is a sliding scale option to make the trip open to all.

Undergraduate Scholarships

Brittany Blair
Central Connecticut State University

Lucas Danburg
Fairfield University

Jonathan Ho
University of Hartford

Jamar Kittling
Wesleyan University

Kalin Kochnev
University of Connecticut

Madison Olander
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Transfer Scholarships

Gabriel Grant
Fairfield University

James Petkin
Southern Connecticut State University

Kristen Poplaski
University of Connecticut

Community College Scholarships

Hannah Ashiru
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Jasmine Barber
Capital Community College

Josh Calderon
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Ayssar Farah
Asnuntuck Community College

Joey Gonzalez
Norwalk Community College

Philip Kwiatkowski
Middlesex Community College

Danielle Salvatore
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Bryan Viveros
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research

Guy Bennevat Haninovich
Wesleyan University
Mapping Macroblooms: Investigating the drivers of Sargassum invasion in the Caribbean

Influxes of pelagic Sargassum Natans and Sargassum Fluitans, beginning in 2011, has created a new Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt (GASB) that is being influenced by a multicontinental set of drivers. The GASB has had catastrophic effects on coastal livelihoods and aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to develop a spectral library spanning multiple species and clones of algae and a procedure for spectral analysis of surficial macroalgae mats. This work will provide context for the spatial distribution of algae mats in relation to their driving forces.

Katie Durkee
University of New Haven
Generating Self-Healing Polymers from Biomass Resources for Space Related Applications

Polymers from biomass resources are next-generation materials. The goal of this project is to develop self-healing polymers containing carbon nanotubes from biomass sources. Current polymers are synthesized using petroleum resources. However, at the current rate of consumption, these resources are expected to be depleted in the coming decades. This research will use biomass resources to synthesize novel polymer networks containing carbon nanotubes. The polymer/carbon nanotube network materials developed could be used to make NASA’s mission to Mars more feasible. These polymers could be employed in protecting astronauts from harmful radiation, developing a residence on Mars, and designing a spacecraft.

Andrew Gibbs
University of Connecticut
Constraining Dust Properties from Mid- and Far-Infrared Data in M33: A Pilot for JWST

The era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has begun and brought exiting new science to the world of Astronomy and Astrophysics. One of the key improvements of JWST over other telescopes is its ability to observe the infrared (IR) emission of dust that surrounds stars at high resolution. The caveat, however, is that the wavelength range it can observe this emission at is highly limited and therefore there can be crucial information left out. In this project, we investigate whether or not we can provide any constraints in just the near to mid IR range.

Josué Martínez-Martínez
University of Connecticut
Trustworthy AI for Astronauts Computer-Aided Diagnostic Systems

The development of trustworthy AI for health and astronauts is an important area of research that has the potential to greatly benefit space exploration and medicine. By utilizing machine learning and medical imaging data, AI models can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions for astronauts in space. The development of explainable AI models can ensure that medical professionals and astronauts can understand and trust the decisions made by these models. In this project is proposed a robust and explainable AI CAD system. This is going to be accomplished by using the RobustAugMix technique and the SHAP methods.

Skyler Wright
University of Connecticut
Estimating the Star Formation Efficiency of Molecular Clouds Using Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling Techniques

Through measuring the 21μm extinction-corrected Hɑ and FUV luminosities of HII regions in the M33 galaxy, mass and age estimates for those regions can be approximated through comparison with stellar population synthesis models such as Starburst99 and SLUG. This allows us to estimate star formation efficiency (SFE) on scales of less than 10pc, far smaller than previous kpc-scale studies. This is crucial to understanding how the interstellar medium (ISM) is transformed into stars across disparate scales - this is a topic of interest under NASA’s SMD, specifically the question of “How did we get here?”

Undergraduate Research

Hanna Adamski
Yale University
School
The Signature of Planet Nine in Earth's Orbital Elements

An outstanding mystery in the outer solar system is the origin of the unexpected orbital clustering of extreme trans-Neptunian objects observed with semi-major axes in excess of 250 AU. One proposed hypothesis for this alignment is the gravitational influence of a distant, undiscovered solar system planet known as Planet Nine. In this work, we apply the REBOUND orbital integrator to quantify the gravitational influence of the proposed Planet Nine on Earth’s orbital evolution. In particular, we demonstrate the effects of a ninth planet as compared with analogous perturbations induced by relativistic effects, potential stellar flybys, and measurement uncertainties in the Earth’s orbital ephemerides. By examining the collective effect of Planet Nine on Earth’s orbit over Myr timescales, we demonstrate the regions of parameter space in which a Planet Nine could feasibly be ruled out based on the absence of detected perturbations to Earth’s orbit.

Kyle Hochenberger
Fairfield University
UAV Relative Navigation in a GPS Denied Environment

This project aims to design a new navigation system for a group of drones that operates in environments where GPS signals are not available. The proposed solution is a vision-based navigation system that combines data from onboard sensors, such as the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and optical flow sensor. Using a special filter called the extended Kalman Filter (EKF), this approach provides real-time position and orientation updates, and it can also be used in GPS-denied environments.

Simulations were conducted with three drones to test the efficacy of the proposed system and the results showed that it can provide reliable navigation information in challenging situations. Tools such as Matlab and Simulink were used to code and simulate data. In the simulations we could generate UAV waypoints. With the waypoints we could simulate the IMU and EKF to test and measure theories. We can determine that the simulations are correct by measuring the error of the data. This project contributes to the field of aerospace engineering and has many practical applications in various military and civilian operations, such as reconnaissance, surveillance, disaster observation, and rescue missions in extreme environments.

In conclusion, this project demonstrates the feasibility of using a vision-based navigation system to provide accurate navigation information in GPS-denied environments for a swarm of drones. This system has the potential to improve the efficiency of autonomous missions and open new possibilities in various military and civilian operations.

Dillon Stan
University of Hartford
3D Stereoscopic Imaging for Spatial Mapping and Orientation

Integral imaging is an auto-stereoscopic technique which is useful for analyzing visual data, particularly for the purpose of object recognition and computer vision. Integral imaging can also refer to the reconstruction of a three-dimensional scene by using multiple two-dimensional images. Our research will focus on accelerating integral imaging and object recognition to operate in real-time, for use with mobile/remote platforms to facilitate integral imaging and spatial data collection for spatial mapping and computer vision outside of a laboratory setting. Integral imaging may prove useful for orientation via environmental mapping without the need for conventional GPS.

Student Project

Caroline Hollingsworth
University of Hartford
Digital Stethoscope Project

Modern medicine has evolved dramatically in the 20th and 21st centuries and has incorporated technology—this is almost true; stethoscopes use the same technology that they have been using for over a hundred years. The heart, one of the most valuable organs in the human body, is still being examined by doctors using technology that has the same principles as a string attached to the end of a can, while there are incredibly advanced pieces of technology we carry with us every day. This is the problem at hand, and a digital stethoscope, which is more accurate in detecting heart murmurs, arrhythmias, and other heart conditions is the way. Being able to record bodily sounds is very important when conducting research and diagnosing disorders, however, it cannot be done without having the tools to process the sound and filter it. This is the second part of this research project. Understanding filtering and being able to play back sounds from specific chambers of the heart to precisely locate issues will be much more useful in gauging irregular sounds than working with a standard stethoscope.

When conducting the research of this project, the first step is to understand how the heart works and to find the best points to place the four microphones. It is also necessary to research the microphone specs and find the recording ranges of the microphones. Along with this, research about how sound travels through the 3D printing materials will be done and the material will be selected for the prototype. The next part of this project is to design and build the first version and to collect data on how it feels and works. During this time frame, the filtering programming and design will be in progress, and by the time the prototype is ready, the filtering tools will be ready for use. The next part of this project is to test and collect data on the first version of the project. From here, the next few weeks are dedicated to modifying and testing versions using various materials and designs (both physical and digital) to find the ideal version. The goal is to be able to filter out any unwanted bodily noise and to have the ability to mute specific parts of the heart and lungs for singling out a sound.

This project is useful for long-distance communication. Since heart sounds are being digitized, they are easily transferable and can be monitored from hundreds of miles away. This project can track, record, filter, and separate the heart sounds of people traveling outside of earth to closely examine how the heart may be affected in space. This project also uses technology for exploring how sound travels throughout the body, filtering, and learning about the heart.

The materials that will be needed to pursue this research project are 3D printing materials, various microphones, software, and adhesive materials. Other funding that is needed for this project is for the signal processing software, audio interface, and other digital items such as computer memory. Lastly, this project will be presented at the Biomedical engineering Annual Meeting next fall in Seattle Washington.

James Kueny
Fairfield University
Using Sensor Fusion to Navigate UAV's in GPS Denied Environment

This project aims to provide an alternative navigation system to enable a swarm of drones to conduct autonomous flights in a Global Positioning System (GPS) denied environment. To achieve this goal, we propose a relative navigation system, using an extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to fuse the data stream from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and an optical flow sensor. This methodology uses two inputs to achieve reliable data transmission at a lower cost. This system thus enables drone operations even in GPS- denied environments. This cost-effective solution aligns with NASA’s Space Technology strategic enterprise.

Luke Reed
University of Hartford
Ultra-Clear Resin-Based Stereolithography (SLA) 3D-Printed Optical Lenses for Astrophotography Application

For this project, we will design and fabricate ultra-clear resin-based optical lenses through Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing for telescopic astrophotography hardware. The 3D-printed optics will be integrated with DSLR and mobile phone cameras producing data that will be compared with available commercial-grade equipment. Various lens designs will be printed and put through rigorous testing and characterization using laboratory optical benchmarking. Multiple optical configurations will then be constructed and used to photograph several of the Messier Catalogue objects and planetary bodies. These results will be compared with data collected using a Nikon D3200 and Rokinon 135mm F2.0 ED UMC Telephoto Lens with Sky-Watcher Star Tracker. This project will promote NASA-related research and continue to solidify a collaborative relationship with the University of Hartford’s Multiscale Metamaterial Research group.

Student Travel

Alaina Einsig
Wesleyan University

Community College Scholarship

Josh Calderon
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Justin Gonzalez
Norwalk Community College

Joseph Hawker
Norwalk Community College

James Petkin
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Daniel Gaewski
University of New Haven

Undergraduate Scholarship

Alexa Fiorica
Fairfield University

Jacob Ivanov
University of Connecticut

Kyle McGregor
Wesleyan University

Charlotte Michaud
University of New Haven

Ingrid Schwarz
Central Connecticut State University

Jordaine Wisdom
University of Hartford

Graduate Research

Emma Louden
Yale University
Creating a Predictive Model of LEO Satellite Impact on Ground-Based Astrophysics

More than 24,000 satellites are set to launch in the next decade. These satellites are a direct threat to ground-based astronomy. As a proactive approach in advance of these constellations, I will develop HYPASAT, a software to model tracks that will be seen at observatories from satellites launching in the next decade. Based on HYPASAT results, I will define a ranking scale for which science cases are most at risk and rank the cases based on their priority in the Decadal Survey. My advances NASA Science Mission Directorate goals and lays the foundation for the next generation of observational astrophysics.

Andrea Mejia
University of Connecticut
Constraining Black Hole Binaries and Mergers

Black hole merger detection rates and masses are much larger than previously predicted by canonical stellar evolution models. Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) disks are therefore a promising location to boost the masses and rates of black hole mergers. Black holes embedded in a gaseous disk experience torques, leading to migration within the disk and hierarchical mergers. To establish how effective AGN disks are at forming and merging black hole binaries, we use a hydrodynamic code (Pencil Code) to run simulations of multiple black holes in a gas disk, where we investigate the effects of multiple migrators on migration torques.

Undergraduate Research

Madison Liguori
University of New Haven
Skin Thinning Mediated Bacterial Penetration During Space Travel

During space travel, astronauts endure a drastic change in the microgravity environment. The human microbiome is affected tremendously, which causes a variety of health-related issues, especially on the skin tissues. It is reported that proteobacteria microbe, which is most known for protecting against skin sensitivity, are significantly eliminated from human skin during the space travel, which allows the astronauts’ skin to be more susceptible to stimulus. One of the main issues is skin thinning. Skin thinning is caused by skin stretching past its elongation point, and not returning to its original shape, therefore leading to wrinkles. In addition, the microgravity changes also drastically affect the cell regeneration rate on the skin epidermis layers and cause an uneven flow of fluids in the body. These factors increase the likelihood of skin thinning on the astronauts; however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we proposed a method to analyze the bacterial characteristics through controlling centrifugation and cell-to-liquid mass density to mimic the microgravity. The characteristics changes on bacteria (both molecular and compositional level) at different microgravity environment and the affection to skin thinning will be explored. Based on the results, we will develop a fast in vitro skin model to quickly evaluate the relationship between bacteria changes on the skin and its protective or harmful effects on skin tissues.

Abigail Moran
University of Connecticut
Measuring Galactic Acceleration with Pulsar Timing

Improvements in pulsar timing have made it possible to measure the time derivatives of the binary periods of pulsar systems. These changes are in part the result of the relative acceleration between Earth and the pulsar. By isolating this effect, we can measure the galactic acceleration at the pulsar’s position. We will create a data release of these acceleration values and map the data in three dimensions. This can be used to evaluate galactic mass distribution models and to map dark matter density, thus adding to our scientific understanding of the galaxy, and directly serving NASA’s Science Mission Directive.

Kurt Rueckl
University of Connecticut
The Experimental Fossilization of Cyanobacteria in a Proterozoic Ocean Analogue: Implications for Biosignatures on Mars

Fossilized bacteria represent the oldest uncontested biosignatures present on Earth and potentially other planets. Understanding the initial fossilization process is critical to interpreting these any extraterrestrial biosignatures. This proposed research will investigate the difference between the initial fossilization of two cyanobacterial species, isolated from a Proterozoic ocean analog, during changing conditions that simulate surface water evaporation. This is a pioneering study and highly relevant to NASA’s Science Directorate. Results will be the critical foundation in future experiments as part of my undergraduate honors thesis, analyzing the potential fossilization of bacteria on Mars during its own period of surface water evaporation.

Student Project

Kevin Clark
Trinity College
Geothermal Energy Systems

This project aims to produce a renewable solution to satisfy the world’s need for clean energy. The objective is to design and build a thermodynamic cycle that uses constant temperature below a planet’s surface to generate clean geothermal energy. By inducing a phase change in the refrigerant, the system will maximize the temperature difference with respect to the ground’s constant temperature to dump heat into the ground to provide cooling, and pump heat from the ground to provide heating. The designed system will not rely on external power and can be scaled to fulfill various energy needs.

Samantha Lorr
Yale University
YUAA IREC 2023

The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) is devoted to helping undergraduates pursue their passion for aerospace. The Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition (IREC) at Spaceport America helps us achieve our mission. This year, we will continue research on designing our own solid fuel rocket motor, exploring the thermochemistry of combustion. Additionally, we will finish constructing a composite 2-stage rocket with innovative fabrication techniques to propel it to 10,000 feet above ground level, where redundant onboard electronics will deploy parachutes to safely recover the rocket and rover payload. This innovative rocket will be flown at IREC during the summer of 2023.

Manjot Singh
Fairfield University
Design of a Testbed for Soilless Root Vegetable Growth in Microgravity

Controlled and reliable growth of root vegetables is important for manned deep space exploration, to fully sustain nutritional expectations for the crew. Current systems have been proven successful at growing certain leafy vegetables, but a more complete diet is needed for extended missions. A new design is proposed that will accommodate root system expansion, ensure proper nutrient delivery, and allow for investigation of optimal lighting and irrigation conditions, as well as support media. High-density crop layout designs are being developed with crew time optimization considerations during the entire growth cycle. This proposal seeks to fabricate such testbed design.

Ananya Swamy
Trinity College
Muscle Activation Visualization System for Microgravity Environments

A system will be developed to map and display a user’s muscle activation using sEMG sensors and LED lights. The user will perform an isometric contraction using a designed test fixture. They will receive real-time visual feedback through a color-coded LED system based on applied force. This feedback system will be calibrated for each user in a psychological study to understand the relationship between perceived and actual exertion. This system will be a viable solution for astronauts to exercise and monitor muscle strength in microgravity environments. A visual feedback system of their muscle activation will combat muscle atrophy in space.

Student Travel

Alaina Einsig
Wesleyan University

Hannah Lewis
Wesleyan University

Anna Ort
University of New Haven

Autumn Pearce
Yale University

Undergraduate Scholarship

Dillon Camarillo
University of Hartford

Daniel Dabrowski
Central Connecticut State University

Tyler Gillette
Trinity College

Elizabeth Giman
Yale University

Eric Habjan
University of Connecticut

Huy Huong
University of Bridgeport

Carolyn Marchak
University of Hartford

Benjamin Mousseau
Yale University

Eric Rumsfeld
Wesleyan University

Elizabeth Schoemer
Trinity College

Eric Sinson
Trinity College

Durga Tiwari
Central Connecticut State University

Victor Vasquez
Trinity College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Samuel Sequeira
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Nikaila Campbell
Capital Community College

Jonathan Escobar
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Luis Garcia
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Alyssa Mancini
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Dennis Patino
Naugatuck Valley Community College

James Petkin
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Ricardo Reyes
Middlesex Community College

Madison Schwartz
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Sherry Zhumi
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research

Bjorn Larsen
University of Connecticut
Enhancing the search for a gravitational wave background using custom noise

A signature of the nHz gravitational wave background has been manifesting in pulsar timing array datasets, suggesting a detection of the background may be imminent. In order to make this detection, noise from e.g. the interstellar medium must be mitigated in each pulsar. We will therefore create a custom noise modeling framework for the upcoming International Pulsar Timing Array data release 3. Our goals are aligned with NASA under the Science Mission Directorate, as a detection of the gravitational wave background will lead to new understanding about supermassive black holes and the cosmological implications of gravitational waves.

Elias Oakes
University of Connecticut
Are GMCs real? Measuring the virial parameter at high resolution in NGC 253

Although molecular clouds are commonly invoked as fundamental structures in the interstellar medium, the degree to which interstellar molecular gas is organized into discrete, bound structures remains unclear. I propose to address this via a multiscale analysis of extremely high resolution ALMA 12CO(2-1) observations on a 1.3×1.3 kpc2 field of the nearby galaxy NGC 253. I will use dendrograms to analyze the hierarchy of molecular gas on scales from 5 pc to 1 kpc, investigating the scale dependence of gravitational boundedness, gas turbulence, and angular momentum. These results will have important implications to help bridge our understanding of the Milky Way and other galaxies.

Andrew Pace
University of Connecticut
Implementation of Filtered Laser Rayleigh Scattering for Select Liquid Fuels

This project directly relates to NASA Taxonomy Area 01 (TX01: Propulsion Systems). This project will analyze highly turbulent premixed flames, a key part of propulsion and propulsion applications. While high turbulence is common in many propulsion applications, an understanding of flame interactions with high turbulence is still lacking. This project will contribute to a better understanding of these flame-turbulent flow interactions using key jet fuels (ethanol, toluene and n-dodecane). The experimental data created will be provided for public use and help fulfill the currently existing knowledge gap for the aforementioned liquid fuels.

Undergraduate Research Grant

Kevin Chen
Yale
Discovery and Characterization of IR-induced Functional Micropeptides

The mechanisms mediating the mammalian response to ionizing radiation (IR) downstream of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway have been studied extensively. Recently, micropeptides, encoded in erroneously annotated noncoding transcripts, have added a novel and unexpected layer of regulation to numerous biological functions, including the cellular response to stress. This project aims to discover and characterize functional micropeptides that are induced by p53 in response to IR and mediate the outcomes of the cellular response to stress. This work will extend the goal of the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate to uncover biological mechanisms in response to the space environment.

Amelia Geist
University of Connecticut
Experimental Validation of the Mechanical Stiffness of 3D-Printed Tubular Lattices

The goal of this project is to design, fabricate and mechanically test 3D-printed truss lattice lattices with tubular struts with the objective of determining the functionality. These tubular lattice structures will be compared to the performance of lattice structures with solid struts and eventually compared to computational data from prior research. These findings show that tubular strut-lattices have superior weight-to-stiffness ratio than solid strut-lattices. These findings will have a direct impact for the design of space structures; lattices offer tailored functionality along with low weight. These can be used for structures which support satellites or instruments, space vehicles, and potentially for the use of planetary exploration.

Nathan Green
University of Hartford
Vibro-Adaptor

Vibration syndrome is a disease where the feeling in the nerves is lost because of exposure to large amounts of unregulated vibrations. The purpose of the proposed research is to determine if the human nervous system is more sensitive to linear vibrations or perpendicular vibrations. Furthermore, the research will state which type causes more harm over time. Both types of vibrations will be created with a series of rotating DC motors inside of a 3D printed rectangular prism. A deformation sensitive resistor will be placed around the device and measured continuously to determine the force of vibrations for both types. The impulse of the vibrations will be found to determine the time dependence of the various modes of vibration. Whichever mode of vibration causes a higher force and impulse will define the degrees of freedom that tools, machines, and devices should vibrate in, and how long those vibrations should be allowed to persist to avoid vibration syndrome.

Samuel Marcus
Wesleyan University
Digital Characterization of Fractures in Deglaciated Valleys in Order to Predict Subglacial Fracture

I aim to better understand and quantify a relationship between fracture patterns and geometry in deglaciated valleys. In late summer of 2022 I will travel to a recently deglaciated area of a U-shaped valley and collect images of a cross section of the deglaciated section of the valley. I will attempt to identify a relationship between fracture patterns and topography in the valley, and if I am able to quantify such a relationship, I plan to use machine learning to attempt to predict fractures below anthropocene trimline using data from above anthropocene trimline.

Student Project Grant

Alexandros Cooke-Politikos
University of Hartford
Metamaterial Lens Design and 3D-Printing Fabrication for Compact Radio

For this project we will design and construct, via 3D-printing, a metamaterial flat lens to be fitted with our radio horn telescope. An initial scaled design will be created to work in the 10.5 GHz band which will be put through rigorous testing and characterization before scaled to operate at 1.42 GHz and attached to the radio horn telescope waveguide. The metamaterial lens will improve resolution, increase signal to noise, and allow for a more compact horn design. This will promote NASA-related research and continue to solidify a collaborative relationship with the University of Hartford’s multiscale metamaterial research group.

Derek Gaudino
University of New Haven
Aerosol Science and Its Application in Wildfire Detection

The proposed project is to design a wildfire smoke detection device that utilizes the principles of optics to measure aerosol optical depth of particulate matter within the air. This can be achieved through the combined use of LEDs or light emitting diodes, and photodiodes. This device could decrease detection time for wildfires, which would allow for earlier suppression and burn control measures to be taken. It would also help decrease the amount of damage done to the environment, atmosphere, and potentially save lives and property in the process.

Gianluca Mazzi
Central Conecticut State University
Effect of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Behavior and Structure of FDM Printed Polylactic Acid and Carbon Fiber Polylactic Acid Composites

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-D printing will be applied for development of structural net/near net shapes using polylactic acid (PLA), a monolithic polymer and fiber or particle reinforced PLA composites. Experimental printing parameters will be varied to maximize the uniformity and strength of PLA and composite PLA. Printed samples will be evaluated for axial tension properties, microstructure, density, and other analytical methods to thoroughly characterize the printed polymer and polymer composite. Results of this work are intended to progress the applicability of FDM 3-D printing for structural material development.

Student Travel Grant

Derik Walter
Central Connecticut State University
Travel to the 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Conference in Columbus, Ohio

The objective of attending the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (IMECE) conference, from October 30th to November 3rd, is to present our senior capstone project and learn from fellow engineers about ways to improve our design. Our project is the design, manufacturing and testing of a guard for a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to improve the efficiency of the turbine. Three guards were designed to test how the distance of the guard and angle of attack affect the rotational speed of the turbine. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to test their effects on the turbine’s efficiency. The most efficient guard design was chosen for prototyping and made from Polylactic Acid (PLA). After the prototype was tested and design changes made as necessary, the model was scaled up to full size and attached to the new turbine frame. Using an Arduino microcontroller, the output voltage from the generator was measured and converted to revolutions per minute (RPM). As students in the future continue with our work, we want to provide them with as many resources as possible to help spark their own sense of creativity and innovation. Continuing to help students explore green energy will lead to wind turbines with increased efficiency. The IMECE community would be the perfect resource to learn more about green energy and ways we can improve our design. Our goal is to learn from other professional engineers and network to further our careers as engineers.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Paige Diciccio
University of Hartford

Bhawana Joshi
Central Connecticut State University

Alberto Labrada
University of Bridgeport

John O’Connell
Eastern Connecticut State University

Seth Utter
University of Connecticut

Roland Van Duine
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Nathan Breiling
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Joey Gonzalez
Norwalk Community College

Omkar Newland
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Gabriel Santos DeMelo
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Thomas Davoren
Wesleyan University
Chromite-Ulvöspinel-Pyroxene (CUSP) inclusions in Apollo 12 Olivine Basalts

In our studies of olivine grains found in olivine basalts returned from Apollo 12, Dr. Jim Greenwood and I have discovered tiny features (~5-10 μm in diameter) that we named Chromite-Ulvöspinel-Pyroxene (CUSP) inclusions, for the structures are a vermicular intergrowth of these three minerals. Using optical petrographic and scanning electron microscopy, we explore the conditions that formed these CUSP inclusions. With the technological assistance of Yale’s Electron Microprobe, we create elemental maps of regions in olivine that are littered with CUSP inclusions to help identify the diffusive pathway of elements—particularly chromium—through the olivine lattice to CUSP inclusions themselves.

Margaret Deahn
Wesleyan University
Mapping and Minerology of Alpha Regio, Venus: Target of the DAVINCI probe

A high-resolution map of the Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging (DAVINCI) mission descent site (Alpha Regio) is necessary to have spatial context for near-infrared (NIR) images of the surface taken by the Venus Descent Imager (VenDI). This map and NIR analyses of relevant weathered minerals generated in the lab will help with preparation for the mission data. This research supports the NASA Science Mission Directorate goal of studying the origin and history of our solar system, and the potential for life elsewhere, by supporting a mission designed to study some of the Venus’s oldest terrains.

William Johnson
Yale University
Electropermanence for Energy-e

Future extraterrestrial missions require robots to navigate challenging terrain and adapt to unpredictable environments. Researchers proposed modular robots as an adaptive solution due to their reconfigurability. However, most modular robots are made from heavy components that are expensive to transport to space and rigid components that fail catastrophically when subjected to impacts. In contrast, modular soft robots are lightweight and survive harsh impacts, but they lack a modular attachment strategy that rivals their traditional counterparts. I propose compliant electropermanent magnets for the power-efficient modular attachment of soft robots. I will use these magnets to demonstrate soft robots achieving collaborative mobility.

William Levine
Yale University
Coupled Numerical Celestial Dynamical and Hydrodynamical Simulations to Connect our Solar System to the Exoplanets

It is known that gravitational perturbations and giant impacts between protoplanets are important in the final stages of planet formation. I will develop theia and deform, a novel computational framework to rigorously evaluate these processes in tandem by pairing the state-ofthe- art software from celestial dynamics and impact hydrodynamics. With my codebase, I will self-consistently examine the origin of our Solar System’s anomalous, empty inner region by comparing it to moon systems and multi-exoplanet systems. My proposal pertains to NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, and my hypotheses will be testable with data from robotic spacecraft.

Dani Lipman
University of Connecticut
3D CMZ: Distinguishing Near vs. Far Distances in the Galactic Center Using Spitzer and Herschel

A comprehensive 3D model of the central 500pc of the Milky Way, the Central Molecular Zone, (CMZ), is fundamental to understanding energy cycles in galactic nuclei. Current observational constraints are insufficient to distinguish existing 3D models. I propose to determine probabilistic distance for all clouds in the CMZ using Spitzer 8μm dust extinction and Herschel dust emission. The distance constraints will determine which, if any, of the existing models are consistent with observations. The results will be combined with complementary constraints to create full Distance Probability Density Functions for each cloud to further constrain 3D models of the CMZ.

Undergraduate Research Grant

Seth Larner
Wesleyan University
Searching for True Type Two Seyfert AGN with Chandra and SDSS Spectra.

The existence of true type two active galactic nuclei (AGN) would fundamentally contradict the canonical unifed theory of AGN which states that type one and two AGN differ only in angle of inclination. In accordance with NASA's astrophysics mission directorate, support or refutation of this theory will increase understanding of the mechanisms of AGN accretion. This work will search for true type two candidates from among AGN observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Chandra X-ray Observatory in order to support or refute the unifed theory.

Vladimir Marosz
University of Connecticut
Construction and Evaluation of Electret Enhanced Organic Solar Cells in the Temperature Environment of Low Earth Orbit for CubeSat Applications

The prospect of more cost effective and more capable observation and communication platforms from low earth orbit are too great not to consider organic solar cell (OSC) power generation. Unique properties including foldability and low weight gift OSCs unmatched design potential. To realize this potential, greater power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and a knowledge of the relationship of PCE to the temperature environment of low earth orbit (LEO) must be investigated. Greater PCE by way of an electret, or permanent dipole, has been investigated, but not comprehensively for use in LEO.

April McBroom
University of Hartford
Undergraduate Student Research Electronic Computer-Aided Design

During the past 40 years, all electronic and computer designs have been automated by the industry. Computers are used to design other computers; this research project makes Electronic Computer-Aided Design (ECAD) comprehendible for freshman and sophomore engineering and technology majors. The usage of interactive media for teaching is the way of the future. Teaching students sophisticated electronic and computer automated design application software used in industry through traditional teaching methods has also posed challenges for educators. This project is essential during these times where online instruction has taken over. This project aims to develop a complete reference guide for Intel FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) Quartus design tool. The material covered will be used for freshman, sophomore, and junior students. Upon completion of this project, the produced lessons and exercises will be available in a series of pdf and multimedia YouTube for students' usage nationwide. This research project aims to enhance the conceptualization and analysis of engineering problems using both text and multimedia. The anticipated results are: 1) innovative instruction in the electronics and computer engineering core course, 2) continuous improvement of teaching and learning in undergraduate engineering education using the current technology, 3) a comprehendible model for distributing the finished product for undergraduate technical courses. These tutorials will be suitable for all students of Electronic Engineering Technology, Computer Engineering Technology, Electrical Engineering Technology, Electromechanical Engineering/Technology, and Audio Engineering Technology. This project is all in line with NASA's mission statement, "NASA's comprehensive education program advances the nation's educational goals through expanding and enhancing the scientific and technological competence of students and educators."

Mona Peyravi
University of Connecticut
Supporting Inclusive Group Work in Studio-Style Physics Courses

Our research study will implement newly created group work guides for instructors and students to help support effective and inclusive group work in introductory STEM courses. We are going to study the implementation of these guides to see their effect on students' conceptual learning, instructors’ and students’ attitudes and beliefs about group work, and on instructors' use of group work in their courses. This aligns with the Science Mission Directorate, as the first step to a STEM professional is gaining the requisite knowledge and skills, including collaboration skills, which can all be acquired through the pedagogical strategy of studio physics.

Student Project Grant

Mary Ben Lee Apatoff
Yale University
Extravehicular Activity Sample Size Location Calibration Marker

NASA’s Micro-g Neutral Buoyancy Experiment Design Teams (Micro-g NExT) is a challenge in which undergraduates design, build, and test a device that addresses a current space exploration challenge. This year’s challenges particularly focus on the lunar extravehicular activity (EVA) in relation to the upcoming Artemis missions, a program in which NASA will return astronauts to the moon (including the first woman and first person of color on the moon) using innovative new technologies for exploration. Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) will build an EVA Sample Size Location Calibration Marker for this engineering challenge. Astronauts deploy such sample markers next to potential lunar samples as one of the first steps of sample documentation. Photographs of lunar samples and adjacent sample markers help identify and provide information about the samples to scientists back on earth and help scientists analyze samples and calibrate photo documentation.

Austin Cheung
Yale University
IREC Competition Rocket

The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) is devoted to helping undergraduates pursue their passion for aerospace. The Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition (IREC) at Spaceport America helps us achieve our mission. This year, we will finish constructing a composite one stage rocket with innovative fabrication techniques to propel it to 10,000 feet above ground level, where redundant onboard electronics will deploy parachutes to safely recover the rocket. This innovative rocket will be flown at IREC during the summer of 2022.

John Fee
Fairfield University
Wireless Communication System Implementation with FPGA

The goal of this project is to establish end-to-end wireless communication using Field Programmable Gate Arrays. A modulator/demodulator will be designed with a pair of transceivers for transmitting and receiving messages. We are utilizing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation for encoding messages. It uses four combinations of phase shift to encode two binary digits. We will implement this technique through Hardware Design Language in Simulink. This will be done using the MATLAB with the Simulink add-on. We will use the frequency band of 433 MHz for transmitting and receiving. Finally, the receiver will demodulate and decode the binary digits.

Hanah Leventhal
Yale University
Yale CubeSat

The Yale CubeSat is an undergraduate aerospace project to design and build a 2U CubeSat that detects cosmic rays in Low Earth Orbit. Cosmic rays are high-energy particles produced by cosmic accelerators that often appear as background noise in many space experiments, and can potentially affect satellite operations. The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association is seeking funding to complete and test the space-grade cosmic ray detector, having designed a lab prototype and preliminary circuitry. We will purchase electronic components such as a scintillator, Printed Circuit Board and comparator chips to assemble into a flight payload.

Shaun Ormiston
Fairfield University
Solar Desalinator

The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water desalination system that is cost effective and also portable. This will be done after extensive research on ways to harvest solar energy, which can have potential applications in outer space since water is also scarce and will be an important resource as space exploration continues to grow--especially after many saltwater lakes were recently discovered on the surface of Mars. Due to this area of research being related to the aerospace industry, some of the team members may pursue higher degrees or employment in the field after graduation.

Alexander Prigge
Trinity College
Quantifying and Reducing Thermal Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Large Build Volume 3D Printing using High Temperature Polymers

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a form of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) additive manufacturing where heated material is deposited to form a part layer by layer. High temperature polymers are sometimes chosen for this process due to their desirable mechanical properties, primarily their high strength to weight ratio and their high glass transition temperature. Heated build chambers are conventionally used to eliminate the thermal stresses caused by the temperature difference between the cool ambient air and the hot extruded material. A solution will be developed allowing the effective printing of high temperature polymers for large build volume parts.

Ryan Delaney Smithers
Yale University
Project Liquid

Liquid-propellant rockets are used extensively within the aerospace industry for orbital and deeper space missions, aligning it closely with NASA’s HEO Mission Directorate. Unlike solid rocket boosters, they add a higher degree of functionality due to its restartability, throttling capabilities, and efficiency. Project Liquid is a Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) initiative to develop a deeper scientific understanding of these liquid propulsion technologies. Members will develop the technical skills necessary for post collegiate work in the aerospace industry, which will further humanity’s development of orbital and deep-space rocketry.

Magdalena Tzcinska
Central Connecticut State University
A New Approach to Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design

This project’s objective is to design and improve the efficiency, power generation, and overall design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. To do this, we will design, prototype, and test various parameters of our own vertical axis wind turbine to improve the performance relating to power generation. Relating to NASA’s Mission Directorate, renewable resources are necessary to meet societal needs because of growing concerns of climate change and vertical axis wind turbines can be more efficient in power generation than the horizontal axis wind turbines that are currently most commonly used.

Student Travel Grants

Katherine Bennett
Wesleyan University
Travel to Salt Lake City, UT - American Astronomical Society

Anna Fehr
Wesleyan University
Travel to Salt Lake City, UT - American Astronomical Society

Hannah Lewis
Wesleyan University
Travel to Salt Lake City, UT - American Astronomical Society

Ava Nederlander
Wesleyan University
Travel to Salt Lake City, UT - American Astronomical Society

Cassidy Soloff
Wesleyan University
Travel to Salt Lake City, UT - American Astronomical Society

Undergraduate Scholarships

Christopher Davenport
Central Connecticut State University

Maalik S McPherson
Trinity College

Nhat Pham
University of Bridgeport

Guilmar Valle
University of Connecticut

Jordaine Wisdom
University of Hartford

Transfer Scholarships

Claud Fanclik
Central Connecticut State University

Lindsey Japa
University of Connecticut

Anson Melick
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarships

Kyle Gardner
Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Anthony Lane
Naugatuck Valley Community College

John Massaro
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Lady S Navarro
Middlesex Community College

James Petkin
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Jacob Bowie
University of Connecticut
Effectiveness of a Minimal Exercise Training Program on Athlete Detraining as a Model for Countermeasures to Microgravity Effects on Skeletal Muscle

The Human Exploration Mission Directorate defines cardiovascular and muscular fitness as a research focus area. We aim to 1) quantify detraining to support use of this as a validated microgravity research model and 2) to assess the effects of a once weekly exercise protocol (MRP, Maximal Returns Protocol) on post-season, 12 weeks detraining among trained athletes. MRP is an evidence-based protocol designed to maximize the adaptive response. If MRP is effective, we will observe maintained or improved (vs. control) cardiovascular function (i.e., VO2max, heart rate during maximal exercise) and muscle strength (i.e., bench, squat, handgrip strength).

Andrew Casey-Clyde
University of Connecticut
Multi-Messenger Detections and Constraints of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

The local number density of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) is expected to be directly observable with gravitational waves via pulsar timing array experiments, while the masses and redshifts of SMBHBs contributing to the gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to contain information on both the black holes themselves, and the galaxy mergers that produce these binary systems. We propose to develop a framework for constraining the masses, redshifts, and local number density of SMBHBs with the GWB. In addition to providing more general constraints on their population, this framework will tie SMBHB population models to a future observable.

Erica Misner
University of New Haven
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Model for Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection

With constant improvements to space travel come more opportunities for exposure to novel and dangerous pathogens. Unfortunately, in vitro antibiotic testing does not represent accurate clinical efficiency against pathogens. Our objective is to establish zebrafish as an inexpensive, simple organism for the testing of antibiotics against resistant strains of bacteria. Straightforward immersion infection techniques will be utilized to infect zebrafish with Borrelia burgdorferi, shown to be highly antibiotic-resistant and capable of surviving extreme conditions including vacuum. Well-established PCR methods and antibiotic-susceptibility testing will be performed as proof of concept. These techniques can be applied to deep space exploration vessels as well as underserved communities with minimal laboratory equipment.

Undergraduate Research Grant

Anna Fehr
Wesleyan University
Dynamical Study of HD 106906's Disk Morphology and External Perturber

A debris disk is a collection of dust and other debris around a star, analogous to the Kuiper belt around our Sun. While debris disks are common around main sequence stars, HD 106906 is one of few systems known to host an external planetary-mass companion as well as a directly imaged debris disk. Hence, it provides a unique opportunity to analyze dynamical interaction between the two, where the properties of both can be measured. In this project, we will interpret observations of disk morphology alongside orbital constraints derived from the proper motion of the planet by using dynamical models.

Hannah Lewis
Wesleyan University
Determining the Mean Molecular Weight of Gas in the Debris Disk Around 49 Ceti

Circumstellar disks are collections of gas and dust around stars. There are two types: the younger, gas-rich protoplanetary disks, and the more evolved, gas-poor debris disks. However, some debris disks such as 49 Ceti are gas-rich, which poses important questions about circumstellar disk evolution and our understanding of our solar system’s evolution. This project proposes to combine observations of vertical structure with measured excitation temperatures from C18O line ratios in the disk around 49 Ceti to determine H2 density, which will indicate whether the gas is primordial or second generation and yield important insight into the process of disk evolution.

Eric Rumsfeld
Wesleyan University
Measuring Dynamical Masses of Gas-Bearing Debris Disk Host Stars

Dusty debris disks that orbit main sequence stars are comparable to our Solar System’s Kuiper belt. While debris disks have less gas than their younger counterparts, a surprising discovery by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is that many of these debris disks do in fact have substantial reservoirs of molecular gas. We will combine archival ALMA data with new Gaia data that provide precise stellar distances to measure dynamical masses of gas-bearing debris disk host stars. We will compare the dynamical masses that we derive with stellar evolution models to test our understanding of these isolated young stars.

Cassidy Soloff
Wesleyan University
A Transit Survey of Bright, Hot Star

Radial velocity and transit surveys have dramatically expanded the number of exoplanets detected, but this sample of exoplanets is shaped by the technological biases of these techniques. Wide field-of-view transit surveys expose for dimmer stars while the radial velocity technique is less effective at making detections around hotter stars because they lack spectral features. With the arrival of Wesleyan University’s new 24-inch automated research telescope, we can conduct a transit survey targeting bright, hot stars to search for exoplanets missed by other radial velocity and transit surveys. For non-detections, we can calculate the probability that no transiting planet exists.

Jillian Ulibarri
University of New Haven
Determining the Role of KHSRP on mRNA Stability in the Vertebrate Embryo

NASA aims to understand the effects spaceflight has on human physiology. During spaceflight, humans experience oxidative stress, which can alter the function of AU-rich element binding proteins (ARE-BPs), which are important regulators of gene activity and human physiology. I propose to 1) identify potential mRNA targets of ARE-BPs that display instability during embryonic development, 2) use CRISPR/Cas13 to determine whether they are regulated by KHSRP, a highly expressed ARE-BP and 3) assess how oxidative stress impacts the function of KHSRP. Doing this work will provide insights into the effects of KHSRP on maternal mRNA stability and oxidative stress impacts.

Student Project Grant

David Holtman
Central Connecticut State University
Designing and Manufacturing Forward Swept Tip Helicopter Blades

The proposed project is to increase the lift force of a preexisting intermeshing rotor helicopter and repair the ground test stand used to measure the lift of said helicopter. The proposed method to increase the lift force includes the manufacturing of forward swept tip blades. Swept tip blades provide greater lift at large Mach numbers and greater efficiency. The design and manufacturing of the proposed project requires the use of CAD, FEA, and CFD software, as well as CNC machining and 3D printing. The total cost of the project amounts to $567 and will take 288 days to complete.

Janae Annabeth Kellarakos
University of Hartford
Horn Antenna Design and Construction for Preparation of Metasurface Beam-Steering Implementation for 21cm Neutral Hydrogen Detection

For this project we will design and construct a radio horn telescope using three different horn materials that can be used to detect and evaluate the presence of neutral hydrogen in interstellar clouds within our Milky Way galaxy. This project is a preliminary and necessary step for future design and fabrication of metasurface beam-steering lenses that can be used to improve resolution and control of desired frequency ranges in radio astronomy. This will promote NASA-related research and establish a collaborative relationship with the University of Hartford’s multiscale electromagnetic research group.

Nishita Mirchandani
University of Hartford
MINK Aero: Active Aero Rear Wing

Aerodynamics packages enhance overall vehicle performance in track related driving. The Active aero rear wing project seeks to automate and manufacture a rear wing of a Formula Society of Automotive Engineering (FSAE) vehicle to maximize the overall vehicle handling performance while minimizing drag. FSAE is a global collegiate competition that test students’ ability to design and build a functional race car. Throughout the development of our group, MINK (Mirchandani-Iacuone-Noval-Kral) Aero’s project, multiple electronic controlled wing designs will be analyzed through computational fluid dynamic simulations, Finite element analysis, testbench analysis, as well as physical model testing in a wind-tunnel.

Sarah Pentzke
Yale University
Yale Space Station

The Yale Space Station will be the name for the semi-permanent installation of a ham radio tower on the roof of Yale University’s Environmental Science Center. The first experiment that will be done will be an Earth-Moon-Earth moonbounce experiment, using the moon and radio waves’ unique qualities to complete a calculation of the speed of light. The YSS is also planned to serve as a tool for activities such as contacting astronauts in the International Space Station through NASA’s ARISS program and to aid the Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) in communicating with their cube satellite in orbit.

Derik Scott Walter
Central Connecticut University
Wind Turbine Guard

A guard for a wind turbine will be designed and tested to increase the effectiveness of the turbine. The guard will orient itself to the direction of the wind through smooth mechanical motion. CFD software will be used to test each design. Data analysis will determine a final design. Once a guard design has been chosen, a prototype will be built to test the design in application. Modifications will be made as needed to address any issues the guard encounters. A final report will be written and presented to display the accomplishments and effectiveness of the guard design.

Undergraduate Scholarships

Joshua Grajales
Wesleyan University

Brenna Hoar
Trinity College

Alisa Levin
Trinity College

Ava Nederlander
Wesleyan University

Clare Staib-Kaufman
Yale University

Guilmar Valle
University of Connecticut

Keduse Worku
Yale University

Transfer Scholarships

Alberto Labrada
University of Bridgeport

Stephanie Tripodi
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarships

Steven Duncan
Capital Community College

Derlyn Hernandez
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Lindsey Japa
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Kishan Kunver
Capital Community College

Ryan Marquis
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Steison Ruiz
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Undergraduate Research

Gabriel Galeotos
University of New Haven
Assessment of Cytokine Expression Patterns Associated with Heart Disease

“Heart disease is a significant issue faced by people throughout the world, which is associated with higher mortality.  Astronauts traveling in space experience decreased cardiac function, manifested as dizziness and shortness of breath.  Simultaneously, they exhibit aberrant immune system gene expression patterns, which predispose them to infections both in space, and upon return to Earth.  The goal of this project is to define the expression patterns of inflammatory markers associated with viral infection of the human heart.  These analyses will provide a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that underlie cardiac disease, which may guide future diagnostic outcomes.”

Benjamin Martinez
Wesleyan University
An Unbiased Survey of Black Hole Activity in the Local Universe

“Cosmological simulations have shown that the fraction of low-mass galaxies in today's universe that contain a nuclear black hole is directly related to the mechanism by which massive black hole seeds formed in the early universe. We have obtained optical emission-line measurements for an unbiased sample of local galaxies using a variety of instruments and will separate the objects into four distinct activity classes. We must remove continuum features from our spectra via the process of starlight subtraction, and examine X-ray and near-IR source catalogs for additional evidence of black-hole accretion to create a comprehensive picture of black hole activity in the nearby universe.”

Sarah Myrick
University of Connecticut
Titanium Metallurgy on the Moon

“Titanium alloys are highly desirable for aerospace applications because of their lightweight, high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Fortunately, it is known that the moon is rich in titanium ore, which can be extracted and processed in ceramic crucibles using concentrated solar energy. Manufacturing of goods using readily available resources in space would significantly reduce transportation costs. Nonetheless, one major challenge in titanium metallurgy is metal-mold reactions. My goal is to examine the use of the novel ceramic oxide perovskite–Strontium zirconate– as a mold material, because it shows a notably low thermal conductivity and high chemical stability.”

Kimberly Paragas
Wesleyan University
Gas Giant Atmospheric Mass Loss

“Atmospheric mass loss is one of two aspects that influence the evolution of planets, making it essential for understanding their origin. The helium 1083 nm line offers insight into the atmospheric escape of close-in exoplanets, which significantly sculpts their population. This project aims to detect excess helium absorption in the atmosphere of the gas giant HAT-P-18b and estimate its present-day mass loss rate by using transit observations taken with an ultra-narrow band filter. The outcome of this project will provide valuable data for constraining mechanisms of mass loss, as helium outflows have only been detected in 5-6 planets to date.”

Kiarra Richardson
University of New Haven
Harnessing Microenvironment Regulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) Differentiation in Simulated Microgravity

“One of the essential problems that astronauts need to overcome during prolonged space travel is osteoporosis-like bone mass loss. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) based therapy is an attractive tool for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. In this project, I will investigate how microenvironments, including substrate stiffness and geometry guidance, affect osteogenic differentiation in a simulated microgravity. The outcome of this project will provide fundamental understanding of osteogenic differentiation and aid in the prevention of bone loss, not only in microgravity but also potentially in age-related osteoporosis.”

Mason Tea
Wesleyan University
Analysis, Characterization and Variability of Local, Accreting X-ray Binaries with Archival Chandra Observations

“Compact objects are often found in binary systems, emitting X-ray radiation from plasma in their accretion disks as they siphon material from a donor star. Observations of these X-ray binaries (XRBs) in nearby galaxies provide the best opportunity to study gravitational effects of compact objects on their environment and the high-energy physics powering their emission. In performing a detailed spectral & temporal analysis of the roughly 80 brightest X-ray sources within 15 Mpc, I hope to assess their spectral state and variability in order to more accurately constrain the parameter space and local population of XRBs and black hole binaries (BHBs).”

Molly Watstein
Wesleyan University
New Insights into AGN Unification from NuSTAR Observations of Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxies

“Recent X-ray studies have reported a correlation between accretion rate and the presence of a hidden broad-line region in obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), suggesting that a substantial revision of the unified model for AGNs is needed. These investigations, however, were based on soft X-ray data, which are unreliable for determining intrinsic luminosities and accretion rates in such objects. Using NuSTAR data in the hard 3-80 keV band, I will determine the intrinsic X-ray luminosities of a large sample of obscured AGNs that have sensitive Keck spectropolarimetry observations, which will afford a definitive test of the accretion-rate hypothesis.”

Student Project

Zachary Andalman
Yale University
Active-Adjustment Ornithopter

“An ornithopter is a flying machine which generates thrust and lift by imitating the flapping motion of birds. While ornithopters have greater maneuverability and stealth compared to traditional aircraft, they are much less efficient. The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) will design and build an ornithopter using active adjustment systems to improve efficiency. Active adjustment systems allow the ornithopter to adapt to conditions in real time using on-board sensors and microcontrollers. YUAA will also utilize aerodynamics simulation software to optimize the mechanical design. The project will require a combination of engineering precision and creativity.”

Samuel Dorman
Fairfield University
Integration of an Automated Jewelry Unpacking Method in Production

“Biomerics NLE is a company which engraves thousands of bracelet charms every week. The charms arrive individually packed in a protective film and arrive in boxes of well over 100 charms. Our task is to design a fully automated machine responsible for passing the charm bags through the system and ultimately discarding the protective bag and the tag that is attached while the charm is placed in a plastic sorting tray. The tray contains a matrix of one hundred charms and is easily stacked, thus allowing the charms to be easily moved to the next step in the engraving process.”

Saachi Grewal
Yale University
Rover with Robotic Arm

“Rovers and other unmanned vehicles allow humans to explore new places and learn more about our cosmic surroundings in places a human cannot safely venture at present. Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) will design and build a rover with a robotic arm, able to move and perform tasks through remote operation. We will attempt high levels of engineering precision to create a rover with custom built parts, suspension kinematics, a functional robotic arm, and mechanical and electrical integration. The project has adapted due to Covid-19 restrictions and allows members working remotely across the USA access to engineering.”

Ohsafa Harding
Fairfield University
Assistive Robotic Arm for Wheelchairs

“The “Robotic arm for wheelchair users” enables a person in a wheelchair with limited mobility to perform daily functions such as picking up and placing objects and opening doors. The arm will be suitably mounted on a wheelchair. To keep the cost of the product low, the structure of the arm will be 3D printed. The robotic arm will have five degrees of freedom, using DC and servo motors and featuring 2 elbow joints, 2 revolute joints, and a gripper mechanism. The arm will be manipulated using a repurposed user interface such as a game controller.”

Patrick Meagher
University of Connecticut
Measurement of Dodecane Droplet Combustion Under Microgravity Conditions Achieved Via Sounding Rocket as Part of 2021 Spaceport America Cup

“This project measures the liquid surface regression rate of a dodecane droplet burning under microgravity conditions. Remote visual observations as well as pressure, temperature, and local acceleration will be recorded using a specially developed microcontroller. The experiment will be packaged into a student built hardened payload fitting a 3 CubeSat formfactor. Microgravity is achieved by flying the payload to a target apogee of 30,000 feet aboard a student manufactured sounding rocket as part of the 2021 Spaceport America Cup. The rocket is propelled by a student researched and developed 39,000 newton-second solid rocket motor.”

Robert Merlino
Fairfield University
Investigation of Sand Ingestion in Aircraft Combustor Liner

“The combustor liner in a turbine engine consists of effusion cooling holes that allow air to pass through them and keep the liner itself cool. When sand and other particles enter these holes, they may block or stick to the holes, decreasing the engine's ability to control its temperature. This creates obvious issues for safety and could potentially blur cooling requirements for such engines. It is the goal of this project to examine the effect different surface roughness values of the holes due to common machining processes have on the rate of particle buildup and in turn airflow blockage.”

Audrey Whitmer
Yale University
IREC Rocket 2021

“The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) is devoted to helping undergraduates pursue their passion for aerospace. The Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition (IREC) at Spaceport America helps us achieve our mission. This year, we will continue research on designing our own solid fuel rocket motor, exploring the thermochemistry of combustion. Additionally, we will finish constructing a composite 2-stage rocket with innovative fabrication techniques to propel it to 30,000 feet above ground level, where redundant onboard electronics will deploy parachutes to safely recover the rocket and rover payload. This innovative rocket will be flown at IREC during the summer of 2021.”

Hannah Zukowski
Trinity College
System Design and Spectral Analysis of Turbulence in Blood Flow for Aortic Valve Stenosis

“Aortic valve stenosis is caused by the narrowing of the aortic valve located between the left ventricle and aorta. We propose to investigate a quantitative analysis of sound signals produced by a similar system, enabling a repeatable and unbiased diagnosis of the severity of a narrowing. The goal of this project is to identify a relationship between the severity of valve stenosis and the frequencies of sound signals due to pulsatile flow through the valve. This research aligns with NASA’s Mission Directorate for STEM research and engagement as it will provide us with experience researching mechanical, electrical, and biological systems.”

Graduate Research Fellowship

Zachary Lane
Central Connecticut State University
Syntrophy within Ferroglobus placidus and Other Archaea Species

“In the beginning, Earth was devoid of oxygen and was comprised mostly of metal reducing organisms. Ferroglobus placidus, an isolated archaea from a submarine hydrothermal vent, is a hyperthermophile that reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) and has been shown to be able to utilize specialized shuttles for growth. Through shuttle-mediated interspecies electron transfer, two separate species can use this shuttle to generate a syntrophic relationship. In this study, we propose to investigate the mechanisms of syntrophy between two sets of hyperthermophiles. Results will aid NASA’s goal to further research the “origin of life on earth and the search for life elsewhere”.”

Jonathan Mercedes-Feliz
University of Connecticut
Improving Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Models with Cosmological Hyper-refinement Simulations

“Understanding the connection between massive black holes and their host galaxies remains an unsolved problem in astrophysics. I propose to investigate the physical mechanisms that drive black hole growth by using new ultra-high resolution simulations that for the first time, resolve transport of gas down to sub-parsec scales in a fully cosmological context. I will test predictions of popular sub-grid accretion models against gas inflow rates explicitly resolved at sub-pc scales in simulations for different physical conditions. These results will be used to identify the most promising mechanisms to develop an improved accretion model for future large volume cosmological simulations.”

Javier Portillo
Yale University
RNA Polymerase Ribozyme Evolution and the Origins of Life on Earth

“Early in Earth’s history, during the “RNA World,” it is hypothesized that an RNA may have had the ability to self-replicate via RNA-polymerization and been able to support primordial RNA populations and RNA genomes. However, a self-replicating RNA has yet to be discovered. Here, we aim to create highly efficient RNA polymerases using in vitro selection methods coupled with next-generation sequencing to experimentally investigate the origin and evolution of RNA-based life. The creation of an RNA self-replicase offers a glimpse into how life may have originated on Earth and provides a path to creating synthetic life in a test tube.”

Undergraduate Scholarship

Stephanie Brij-Raj
Fairfield University

Nathan Green
University of Hartford

Anthony Ragazzi
Trinity College  

Skyler Szot
Trinity College

Erkin Verbeek
Trinity College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Caleigh Dodge
Central Connecticut State University

Nhat Pham
University of Bridgeport

Jaime Torres-Latorre
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Daniel Gaewski
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Ashley Indrisek
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Logan Fries
University of Connecticut
Tidal Features in Merging Galaxies at z ~ 0: Quantifying their Color and Mass-Ratio

Gravitational interactions between galaxies are predicted to produce tidal features during the first close passage and the final merging phases. We present a study to analyze the optical color of tidal features from a sample of 56 post-mergers from Weston et al. (2017) (Mstellar > 2 x 10^10 M, z < 0.08) We plan to analyze the SDSS ugriz images using a new morphological substructure extraction and quantification method by Mantha et al. (2019) which reliably extracts low surface brightness features. Ultimately, we hope
to distinguish whether tidal streams come from a wet or dry merger remnant which will help to estimate the makeup of the ages of stars within the streams.

Katie Stubbs
Wesleyan University
Characterization of volatile zonation in lunar apatite and britholite

Lunar apatite and britholite, minerals found in rocks formed by late cooling of magma, is important for learning about water and its history on your moon. By investigating the spatial zoning of elements like REEs, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, and others, we can determine if they made their way into their crystal structure by typical crystal fractionation (volcanic cooling) or by metasomatism (hot water delivering elements after the crystal has already formed). This fits into NASA’s Science Directorate by uncovering more of the moon’s history, and especially investigating how water behaves in volcanic processes

William Theune
University of New Haven
Investigating the role of the neuroprotective gene adnp in neuronal development and maintenance

Exposure to radiation and microgravity can contribute to increased risk of neurodegeneration. This proposal aims to examine the role that the activity-dependent neuroprotector (ADNP) gene plays in neuronal development and maintenance. ADNP/ADNP-derived peptide NAP has been shown to provide neuroprotection, and mutations in adnp are associated with Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, autism and neurodevelopmental disorders. I propose to 1) generate adnp knockout and overexpression zebrafish models to characterize adnp function in neurogenesis and 2) decipher gene regulatory networks regulated by adnp through transcriptome analysis. This work will provide valuable insights for mitigating harmful effects of cosmic radiation and microgravity during space travel.

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Maeve Cantwell
University of Hartford
Nozzle noise: Simulation for jet engines

A rectangular mixer-ejector nozzle will be explored with the ultimate goal of achieving jet noise reduction for various aircraft concepts. The proposed research will employ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) to assess the performance of an 8:1 aspect ratio rectangular nozzle used together with a simple ejector box. Flow quantities will be evaluated as a function of geometric parameters with and without mixing tabs. The goals are to: (1) validate simulation results with the experimental data from NASA Glenn Research Center, (2) pursue further modifications in mixer-ejector nozzle geometry, and (3) reduce noise in jet engines.

Grace Percival
University of Connecticut
Correlations between Supermassive Black Hole accretion rates and fundamental properties

Since the turn of the century, black holes have confounded scientists, trapping everything that falls inside of their event horizon, including light. Given their integral role in the evolution of galaxies, understanding black hole behavior could yield important insights into the early Universe. Using fundamental properties, such as black hole mass, spin, and accretion rate, to understand what makes a black hole active or quiescent could be the key to uncovering larger truths about the cosmos.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Anthony Cammuso
Central Connecticut State University

Matthew Iossa
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Derlyn Hernandez
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Cecelia Harold
Yale University
Defining a new understanding of breast cancer development in women for long-term space missions

       Radiation exposure astronauts face is a critical consideration for safe space missions. This is especially important for NASA’s plan to expand human presence in deeper space. A compelling aspect of risk assessment is to define the molecular determinants of gender-based cancer predisposition. One determinant is prolactin, important for breast development and lactation. Increased prolactin expression in pre-menopausal women increases predisposition to breast cancer. This project seeks to understand why prolactin predisposes women to breast cancer. This builds into the larger goal of 1
understanding how gender affects cancer occurrence to develop safety guidelines for not only astronauts, but the overall community. 

Laura Logozzo
Yale University
Illuminating riverine dissolved organic carbon dynamics and export using carbon age

       DOC is one of the largest carbon reservoirs globally, but its sources are poorly quantified. Carbon age indicates whether DOC is sourced from surface soils or deeper sequestered soils. I will estimate DOC age and flux on the Connecticut River seasonally and long-term using 14C. This will address when in the year older DOC is mobilized in rivers, and whether there is an overall trend towards older DOC. The project addresses NASA’s strategic goal “understanding the sun, earth, solar system, and universe,” since carbon is an essential element to life and climate, and this project will constrain riverine carbon sources.

 

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Fallon Konow
Wesleyan University
Constructing a Survey of the Local Interstellar Medium using Hubble Spectra

       The cool gas and dust clouds that make up half of the visible matter within galaxies is referred to as the Interstellar Medium (ISM). Understanding the composition and dynamic nature of the local (within 100 pc) ISM (LISM) is extremely important because of its proximity and interaction with our solar system, and its necessity in ensuring other astronomical observations are accurately accounting for extinction. Because of their importance I hope to identify the presence of LISM clouds as well as determine clouds’ particular radial velocity and elemental abundance in order to make a more accurate survey of every LISM cloud. 

Nicole Karpinski
Central Connecticut State University
Uncovering mechanisms of direct metal-microbe iron corrosion by Geobacter metallireducens

       Microbial corrosion costs global industries billions of dollars a year, yet physiological mechanisms microbes use to induce corrosion are largely unknown. Recently it has been shown that electricity producing Geobacter species are capable of directly taking up electrons from metal surfaces and inducing bio-corrosion. In this study, gene and protein expression analyses, as well as laboratory adaptive evolution, will be used to identify extracellular components involved in direct metal corrosion by Geobacter metallireducens. Findings from this study will be useful towards combating, managing, and preventing corrosion, which is a focus for the NASA Aeronautics and Space Transportation Technology Strategic Enterprise.

Aikaterini Stylianides
University of Hartford
Computational Aeroacoustics of a Coaxial Jet Engine Nozzle

       Jet noise is a major contributor to engine noise, especially during take-off. A typical multi-stream jet engine nozzle is annular with structural members (struts) holding various components of the nozzle together. Struts are designed to cause minimally disturb the ow, but may behave as bluff bodies with unsteady wakes. This research focuses on modeling a 3-strut nozzle using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA). The nozzle will be studied under varying ow properties and multiple acoustic conditions. This will allow for the validation of similar models as well as provide a tool for future researchers to utilize.

 

 

Student Projects

DeShawn Adams

Trinity College
Harvesting Useful Work from Ocean Waves

       The US government estimates that 71% of the Earth’s surface is water-covered, with the ocean holding about 96.5 percent of Earth’s water. This 96.5 percent of water produces waves full of useful energy. An average 4-foot, 10-second wave striking a coast puts out more than 35,000 horsepower per mile of coast, horsepower we can utilize. Our mission is to explore current designs for a system that converts energy generated from sea waves into useful work, and to synthesize these designs to develop a unique system that maximizes the work output at a reasonable cost for global distribution.

Theo Evers
Yale University
Payload Rover

       Rovers and other unmanned vehicles expand the reaches of human understanding through exploration of areas inhospitable to human habitation. Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) has in the past produced numerous vehicles of this sort but this project will be significantly different. YUAA will design and build for the first time a vehicle that will be deployed from a rocket. All of YUAA’s previous models were conveyed by hand to their mission sites. Deploying the rover remotely via rocket will add significant hurdles that our team must overcome. We will need to develop new strategies and designs to accomplish our task.  

Alexander Hoganson
Yale University
IREC Rocket 2020

      The Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association (YUAA) is devoted to helping undergraduates pursue their passion for aerospace. The Intercollegiate Rocket Engineering Competition (IREC) at Spaceport America helps us achieve our mission. This year, we will be focusing research on designing our own solid fuel rocket motor, exploring the thermochemistry and physics of combustion. The objective of our student researched and designed solid fuel motor is to propel a lightweight, high-fidelity composite rocket built with innovative fabrication techniques to 10,000 feet above ground level, where redundant onboard electronics will deploy parachutes to safely recover the rocket and rover payload.

Scotty Parajon
Yale University
Developing a Guided Parafoil Payload Return System for the HAB to Create a High Altitude Experimentation Platform

       Prior YUAA experimentation with high altitude balloons has seen great success with launching, tracking, and collecting data at high altitudes. However, due to Connecticut’s geographical location, there is a high risk of losing our payload and instruments if they are blown into the Atlantic. Thus, to ensure ability to recover of the payload in all circumstances, I propose a guided parafoil system to allow the payload to land safely. This would also allow YUAA to take full advantage of the high cost-efficacy of balloon launches and to utilize them as a testbed for all future prototype high altitude scientific experiments.

Gordon Perrett
Central Connecticut State University
Solar Panel Design to Maximize Efficiency

       The project is to create a solar panel that will increase the efficiency of the panel without improvements being made to the solar cell. This project will utilize a combination of techniques to maximize the amount of light a solar panel can collect and minimizing the Panels footprint. The system will consist of three components: a system that will follow the sun, a system that will change the geometry of the panel to maximize light capture, and a cooling system.

Keith McHugh
Fairfield University
Device to Convert Plastic Bottles into Household Objects

       The use and disposal of plastic everyday is damaging to the environment as only 9% is recycled currently. The goal of this project is to design and fabricate a desktop device that will allow to remanufacture used plastic bottles for other applications like 3-D printing lament. The device is capable of taking in plastic bottles of varying sizes and turn them into long bands of plastic that can be used for other applications. This objective is in line with strategic mission of NASA for sustainable long term space exploration and is compact enough to be included in space missions.

Colette Scheffers
Trinity College
Quantitative Characterization and Model Design Analysis of Heart Murmurs

       We will mimic ow conditions contributing to heart murmurs to find quantitative data that will confirm the grade of the murmur. After creating simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, we will design and build a pulsatile pump system to measure the ow’s acoustic movement and quantitatively determine murmur severity. This project applies to health monitoring and treatment, giving patients confidence in a correct diagnosis and allowing heart murmurs to be characterized in potentially remote locations. Specifically, this work could better determine the cardiovascular health of astronauts, provide risk reduction, conduct health monitoring, and help NASA ensure the long-term success of their programs.

 

Student Travel

Kyle Lingard
Central Connecticut State University
Gordon Research Seminar and Conference at Hotel Galvez

Mitchell Owen
Fairfield University
Federal Aviation Administration, William J. Hughes Technical Center

Maxime Parent
Eastern Connecticut State University
Butler University, Indianapolis IN

Hunter Vannier
Wesleyan University
Honolulu, Hawaii

Undergraduate Scholarship

Jack Breton
University of Hartford

Salena Hingorani
Fairfield University

Emma Hintz
Central Connecticut State University

Derek Kuldinow
Yale University

Maxime Parent
Eastern Connecticut State University

Gordon Perrett
Central Connecticut State University

Mason Tea
Wesleyan University

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Savannah LaPerriere
Central Connecticut State University

Adairez Nieves
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Nathan Benham

Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Angel Green
Capitol Community College

Stephanie Tripodi
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Alexandra Garza
University of New Haven
Zebrafish as a Model for Genetic Compensation to Counteract the Negative Impacts of Increased
Mutational Load on Humans in Space

The impact of radiation on astronauts is a significant concern for space travel. One
proposed mechanism to combat the mutational load associated with this radiation is genetic
compensation. This compensation allows an organism to upregulate similar genes to compensate
a mutated gene for its functional loss. This proposed research aims to use zebrafish as a model to
assess the degree of sequence similarity required for genetic compensation, and to further
characterize the role of upf1 in this pathway. Overall, this work will point to potential strategies
to counteract the negative impacts of increased mutational load on humans in space.

Cory Jubinville
University of Connecticut
Evaluation of Novel Genetic Enhancer Elements in Muscle Regeneration by CRISPR-Cas9 Editing

Extensive skeletal muscle atrophy experienced after short periods in low-gravity
exhibits a significant obstacle to NASA’s strategic goal of maintaining constant human
presence in low-Earth orbit, and deep space exploration. Muscle maintenance and
regeneration by muscle stem cells combats muscle atrophy upon activation of genetic
myogenic programming. However, understanding genetic regulation of genes crucial to
muscle stem cell activation, such as myoD, remains elusive. This project evaluates novel
regulatory enhancer element influence on myoD by disrupting predicted enhancers via
CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Understanding genetic regulation of muscle stem cell activation will
set the foundation for targeted interventions remediating spaceflight-associated muscle
atrophy.

Malena Rice
Yale University
Asteroid Occultations Using a Large Network of Small Telescopes

We explore the feasibility of and present initial designs for a large network of small telescopes
purpose-built to monitor stars for occultations by solar system minor planets. Precise
measurements of the orbits of minor planets, achievable with this network, will provide critical
clues about perturbations by other objects in the solar system, constraining the
abundance/distribution of as-yet undiscovered asteroids, moons, and planets (such as the
proposed Planet Nine). Such a network directly addresses NASA’s strategic goal to “expand
human knowledge through new scientific discoveries” by studying the architecture of the solar
system to understand planetary system formation more generally.

Jeffrey Steiner
University of Connecticut
Proposed Habitat Design and Analysis Methodology for Various Locations on the Lunar Surface

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has established that a long-term human presence in orbit around, and on the moon, is a significant focus in the development of space exploration. The objective of this project is to develop a methodology of analysis which is applicable to habitats constructed in various locations on the lunar surface. This methodology will address the effects of temperature cycling, micrometeoroid impact, and radiation exposure on any future habitats, built with various methods of construction. The methodology will be validated by designing a proposed lunar habitat which utilizes prefabricated composite layers shielding a dome-shaped frame.

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Sean Byrne
Central Connecticut State University
Mass measurement of the faintest quiescent black hole binary system

Black hole research applies to NASA’s astrophysics roadmap from 2013. In section 4.2 of the roadmap under the question “how does our universe work?”, black holes are the subject matter for extremes. We will be obtaining five orbital light curves of the black hole binary system XTE 1118+480. This stellar massive black hole has the shortest confirmed orbital period; four hours. The binary pair also has the lowest quiescent accretion rate. With the light curve and orbital period, we will estimate the orbital inclination and find a precise mass ratio and distance. This information will help us study X-ray transients.

Emily Hughes
Wesleyan University
Experimental Evaporation of Martian Brines to Determine Spectroscopic Signatures

A central element of NASA’s strategic plan is the quest for the discovery of life on Mars via rover
and orbiter missions. Stable liquid water is often considered the necessary precursor to life. Brines,
with depressed eutectic temperatures, are the most promising form in which liquid water may be
stable on the Martian surface. We will experimentally create, and evaporate, Martian analogue
brines in a Mars chamber, and obtain Visible-Near Infrared (VNIR) spectra from these brines,
which we can compare to CRISM data. This aids in determining the validity and potential locations
of stable liquid water on the Martian surface.

Anthony Ragazzi
Trinity College
An Embedded System to Monitor the Breathing Condition of Astronauts Using Wireless Data Transmission and Machine Learning

The underlying research proposes to build an embedded system that uses adaptive
supervised machine learning to evaluate breathing signals of astronauts. The signals will be
measured with an abdominal strain gauge and transmitted to the main processing station using
wireless communication (i.e., Bluetooth) for further analysis. Breathing features will be extracted
using in-house developed algorithms and analyzed via supervised machine learning to classify
breathing measurements to: normal breathing, breathing with body movement, movement
without breathing, apnea or loss of sensor connection. The proposed design provides real-time
monitoring of an astronaut’s health condition and generates timely warnings when unexpected
urgencies emerge.

Andrew Reardon
Yale University
Natural Teleoperation of a Robot Arm Using a Sensory Sleeve

Given the danger of spacewalks, decreasing the number of hours astronauts spend outside of the spacecraft is imperative for crew safety. Towards this objective, I propose a method using natural human motion to control a robot arm. Specifically, I will use stretchable sensors embedded in a sleeve to measure an operator’s arm position to teleoperate a robot arm for remote repairs and upgrades of spacecraft. The soft sensors are flexible, washable, and do not impede movement. The outcome of my proposed work will be a wearable sensory sleeve for robot teleoperation to address NASA’s technology thrust in Remote Interaction.

Brenna Roberston
University of Connecticut
Fitting Observed Spectral Energy Distributions to Determine Black Hole Spin

The pursuit of new knowledge about the universe has been a driving force in scientific discovery.
One of the most mysterious objects in the universe are supermassive black holes, which have
recently been found to be at the center of all galaxies. Growth of central black holes is highly
correlated to galaxy evolution and feedback, so learning fundamental properties such as mass,
spin, and accretion rate are crucial to understanding much larger astrophysical phenomena. In order
to determine black hole spin, we will fit theoretical models to observed spectral energy
distributions.

Student Project

Alexander Kavadas
Central Connecticut State University
Modular Collision Avoidance System For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The proposed project is to create a stand-alone collision avoidance system for UAVs that will allow for pilots to receive feedback on their position relative to the various obstacles experienced in average UAV missions. The system will work off of feedback controls to designate certain distances between the UAV and the obstacle as safe or dangerous. The system will consist of two components: the system that is attached to the drone, and the ground unit.

Donovan Ross Palmer
Trinity College
Land-based autonomous navigation vehicle

This design project seeks to create an artificially intelligent land-based vehicle capable of autonomous navigation and real-time mapping of its surrounding environment. The objective is to have the robot be capable of self-localization using mobile mapping and GPS waypoints, maneuver around any physical obstruction, and be able to respond to other outside stimuli when necessary. Unmanned vehicles provide opportunity to tackle NASA’s mission of space exploration and scientific discovery as it is imperative that if we are not the ones exploring the universe, that we have technology with artificial intelligence do it for us.

Abigail Ridler
Eastern Connecticut State University
The effects of dietary antioxidants on the development of insulin resistance in hindlimb suspended mice

Astronauts in space often face complications of muscle atrophy and metabolic stress. One such
problem is the development of insulin resistance due to the build-up of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and glycogen in weight-bearing muscles. This study aims to determine the effects of
dietary antioxidants on glycogen stores, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
insulin resistance in hindlimb-suspended mice, using glucose tolerance tests and glycogen and
superoxide dismutase assays. The results of this study can then be used in the formulation of
diets for astronauts in order to reduce oxidative damage, and possibly increase space exploration
lengths.

Student Travel

Arun Malla
University of Connecticut
Engineering Mechanics Institute 2019, at California Institute of Technology

 

Undergraduate Scholarship

Lukas Corey
Yale University

Alexander Henton
Wesleyan University

Alisa Levin
Trinity College

Keduse Worku
Yale University

Isabella Yung
Trinity College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Debora Cruz
Central Connecticut State University

Caleigh Dodge
Central Connecticut State University

Amara Falotico
Central Connecticut State University

Jacob Parent
University of Connecticut

Ashton Stephens
University of Connecticut

Community College Scholarship

Zachary Dezeil
Three Rivers Community College

Jimmy Mendoza
Middlesex Community College

Miguel Montijo
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Elizabeth Schneider
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Patrick Dubiel
University of Hartford
Numerical Calculation of a Cobra Probe
“The three-hole cobra-head pressure probe (THP) uses calibration curves to accurately measure a fluids total and static pressure as well as its flow swirl angle. These calibration curves are created while using air as the working fluid. The project proposed will investigate how the change of the working fluid affects these curves. These curves will be produced by creating a CFD model that replicates the calibration procedure. These calibration curves will then be compared to see if the curves produced for air are accurate for the new working fluid or, if a relation between the two working fluids needs to be determined to be able to use the original calibration accurately.”

Russell Moore
Fairfield University
Pixel-Level Image Fusion Algorithms to EO/IR Multi-Sensor System
“Since the Cold War, the United States has relied on reconnaissance satellites for the safety of its citizens. Our research will add to this effort, using multiple images from electro-optical sensors and fusing them for the purpose of target tracking. Satellite imaging can provide surveillance of an area and capture data otherwise inaccessible through other sensors or methods. This project researches and develops an improved algorithm for target tracking.  Improving this technology will undoubtedly benefit global efforts to study and monitor our planet, which aligns with NASA’s strategic goal of driving new advances in aerospace science and technology.”

Skyler Szot
Trinity College
Helicopter Vibration Analysis Through Spectral and Chaotic Analysis
“This project seeks to study servo-flap helicopter vibration data during hover and forward flights utilizing both MATLAB and FORTRAN. A linear power spectral analysis will be implemented to compute the magnitudes of helicopter vibration in harmonics of its fundamental rotating frequency, in order to capture the dynamic behavior as a servo-flap helicopter alters its flight condition. A chaotic analysis approach will also be used to provide information regarding the fractal dimension that is not possible to obtain using traditional linear approaches. The results obtained from these analyses will generate useful data for the further development of aviation systems by NASA.”

Hunter Vannier
Wesleyan University
Using Hubble to Look Back at the Sun’s Historical Trajectory Through the Local Interstellar Medium
“The local interstellar medium (LISM) is a diverse place of various densities and elemental components. We do not fully understand how these clouds of interstellar gas and dust influence our solar system’s heliosphere and in turn its influence on The Earth and other planets in our solar system. Because the outward moving solar wind is contained by the LISM, the density of the LISM is an important constraint on the understanding of this interaction. Using UV data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope on eight individual stars within <50 pc from the Sun, we observed absorption features in almost every one. This sample of is along our Sun’s historical solar trajectory, so the outcome of this project would aid in a better understanding of how the composition and density of LISM may have contributed to the shrinking or expansion of the heliosphere and in turn how it may have affected the atmosphere and even biological evolution on Earth on a timescale of four to five million years. “

Zhengdong Wang
Yale University
Using Generative Networks to Derive Causal Features of Weak Lensing Convergence
“This fellowship will use new machine learning techniques to generate weak lensing convergence maps. In the process, the neural networks will learn fundamental, independent causal features for why mass is dispersed through space the way it is. These insights will help answer deep questions about cosmology, advancing NASA’s core decadal science goals. The machine learning experience gained from this fellowship will support future NASA data pipelines, mission operations, and status as the world leader in space technologies.”

 

Undergraduate Scholarship

Julia Burch
Central Connecticut State University

Joyce Caliendo
University of Connecticut

Michael Kohler
University of Hartford

Leah Lansdowne
University of New Haven

Hetal Petal
University of Connecticut

Genesis Paz
University of Bridgeport

Donovan Palmer
Trinity College

Simran Sehgal
University of Connecticut

Alexandra Sinson
Trinity College

Jonathan Stanford
University of New Haven

Austin Thomas
University of New Haven

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Paige Dowding
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Julio Acosta-Silverio
Capital Community College

Micalyia Douglas
Capital Community College

Trajada Jackson
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Joel Limieux
Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Cindy Otchere
Capital Community College

Alondra Torres
Capital Community College

Linda Vossler
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Kale Williams
Naugatuck Valley Community College

 

Project Grant

Lincoln Berkley
Yale University
“Collaborative Rovers for Planetary Exploration”

Jackson Ceme
University of New Haven
“Studying Viscosity and Elasticity of Silicone Elastomers for Space Seal Applications”

Ian Denzer
Yale University
“Ornithopter”

Hanna Engstrom
Trinity College
“Flow Monitoring for Infusion Therapy”

Alicia Kacharia
Yale University
“Solar Powered High Altitude Payload Balloon”

David Norris
University of Hartford
“Liquid Fueled Rocket Flight Control System”

Keshav Raghavan
Yale University
“CubeSat Cosmic Ray Observatory”

Katherine Unfried
Fairfield University
“Lend a Hand (Lightweight Low Noise Prosthetic Hand)”

 

Student Travel

Michael Boyle
Yale University

Jovelt Dorsainvil
Fairfield University

Michael Henderson
Wesleyan University

Ismael Mireles
Wesleyan University

Benjamin Rumrill
Eastern Connecticut State University

Anthony Santini
Wesleyan University

Internship Award Recipients

DeShawn Adams
Trinity College
Education Internship
Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology (CCAT)

Jacob Dayton
Eastern Connecticut State University
Laboratory Internship
The Jackson Laboratory

Stephen DeRosa
University of Hartford
Industrial Internship
United Technologies Aerospace Systems

Dina DiGiacomo
University of Connecticut
Industrial Internship
Synovel Laboratory

Giselle Koo
Tunxis Community College
Education Internship
Discovery Museum and Planetarium

Jacob Kowalski
University of Connecticut
NASA Academy Internship
Ames Research Center

James Laudon
Quinebaug Valley Community College
Industrial Internship
Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology (CCAT)

Zachary Ouellete
Central Connecticut State University
Education Internship
Connecticut Science Center

Austin Thomas
University of New Haven
NASA Academy Internship
Goddard Space Flight Center

Graduate Research Fellowship

Sarah Arveson
Yale University
"Sulfur at Extreme Conditions: Exploring the Interiors of lo and Sulfur-Rich Planets"
Sulfur plays an integral role on Jupiter’s volcanically active moon, Io, where sulfur-dominated plumes erupt to heights of 500 kilometers above the surface. As such, sulfur is an important component in the subsurface of Io, though the high-pressure properties of sulfur remain poorly understood. Additionally, a number of exoplanets exhibit sulfur-rich atmospheres. I propose to determine sulfur’s phase diagram at planetary interior conditions. These experiments will provide insight and expand knowledge of the evolution of bodies within our Solar System and beyond in accordance with goal 1 and objective 1.1 set forth in NASA’s 2018 Strategic Plan.

Sara Molly Wagner
Wesleyan University
"Early Planetary Degassing: An Example at Newberry Volcano, Oregon"
How did volatiles accrete in the rocky materials of early Earth? Some plume volcanoes carry chemical signatures that bear strong resemblances to a primordial Earth. I am studying emission rates of trace volatile mercury and volcanic CO₂ at Newberry Volcano, Oregon. I aim to track how much of these species is released by the volcano and injected into a crater lake. Mercury is largely stored in sediments whereas CO₂ is released as a surface flux from the lake. Detailed chemical data on sediment and CO₂ fluxes will allow me to calculate a Hg/CO₂ value that may represent the primordial Earth. I will compare the obtained ratios with Hg and C analyses of suites of meteorites.

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Jonathan Brown
University of Hartford
"Acoustic Analysis of Spike Inlet Auxillary Doors on Fan Noise Radiation"
Commercial supersonic aircraft are becoming a reality again as technology continues to move closer to a realizable aircraft. While the engines are designed for peak efficiency at Mach 2, they must also operate at subsonic speeds. When flying at subsonic conditions, engine noise becomes the largest contributor to the overall noise of the aircraft. A computational acoustic analysis will be completed on a commercial supersonic engine inlet with a spike center-body. This project will develop computational methodologies to characterize the radiated acoustics with the auxiliary doors open and closed. This work directly supports Thrust 2 of the NASA Strategic Implementation Plan 2017.

Sam Cutler
University of Connecticut
"Examining High Redshift Rotation Curve Outside the Local Universe"
Examination of galactic rotation curves in the local universe has yielded evidence of both cusp and core type dark matter profiles. We present one of the first studies of a galactic rotation curve for a distant gravitationally-lensed massive, dusty star-forming galaxy, CL2244-1, with a spectroscopic redshift 1.77. Using VLT/XSHOOTER spectroscopy, we perform a 2D spectral analysis of the H$/alpha$ emission. With this rotation curve, we fit a dark matter density profile and determine the functional form of the profile (cusp or core).  Predictions from comparing the shape of the rotation curve of CL2244-1 to that of M33 and other galaxies in the local universe suggest that the dark matter profile of CL2244-1 is best represented by a cuspy profile. Though this cuspy profile supports the cold dark matter cosmological model, we cannot rule out self-interacting dark matter, whose interactions may not have had time to shift the density profile to a core at such early times.

Jeremy Hopwood
Central Connecticut State University
"Design, Implementation, and Wind Tunnel Testing of an Aeroservoelastic Flutter Control System"
The purpose of the proposed research is to successfully design, implement, and test an aeroservoelastic control system to suppress flutter of an aircraft wing using optimal control methods. There are four main objectives of this research. First, an accurate aeroservoelastic model will be developed. Second, the controller will be designed to yield an optimal and stable response past the flutter speed via the minimization the wing’s energy as well as the input energy using state feedback and gain-scheduling by air velocity. Third, the controlled aeroservoelastic model will be simulated, and the stability, time response, and robustness will be validated. Fourth, the control system will by physically implemented on a flexible wing, which will be subjected to wind tunnel testing and analyzed. Through these objectives, the proposed research will contribute to aerospace engineering and bring flexible aircraft concepts closer to the creation of commercially viable high-efficiency, lightweight flexible aircraft.

Nicole Zalewski
Wesleyan University
"Measurement of the Radar Properties of the Oldest Rocks on Venus to Constrain Mineralogy"
The proposed research project examines the differences in composition between Venus’ volcanic plains and the elevated terrain of older material of unknown composition. Using radar properties of the terrain, we week to find strong evidence that properties of this older material is consistent with minerals high in silica content, which would only have been able to form on a planet abundant with water. This research would provide valuable information for learning about history of our solar system and how it evolved to its current state, which are currently goals of NASA.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Adrienne Fisher
University of Hartford

Terra Ganey
Wesleyan University

Anthony Machado
University of Connecticut

Chris Shimwell
Eastern Connectcut State University

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Charles Baird
Quinebaug Valley Community College / Eastern Connecticut State University

Rachel Marino
Middlesex Community College / Wesleyan University

Ashton Stephens
Quinebaug Valley Community College / University of Connecticut

Community College Scholarship

Debora Cruz
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Jacob Murphy 
Middlesex Community College

Project Grant

Jazmine Collado
Central Connecticut State University
"K-MAX Helicopter Instrumentation"

Graduate Research Fellowship

Yotam Cohen
Yale University
"The Nature of Newly Discovered Low Surface Brightness Galaxies"
Using the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, a new robotic refracting telescope optimized for low surface brightness imaging, we have detected numerous low surface brightness objects in deep, wide field images centered on nearby galaxy groups. As part of HST cycle 24, we are obtaining ACS imaging for 23 of these objects. The high-resolution data from ACS will allow us to measure accurate distances to these objects using resolved stellar populations, as well as their physical and structural properties. More generally, this work will use HST to provide the first systematic insight into galaxies whose surface brightness peaks at > 24 mag arcsec^-2 outside the local group, in line with NASA’s mission of advancing our knowledge of the universe.

Amanda Marston
University of New Haven
"Evaluating the Protective Effects of Vitamin E and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Against DNA Damage Caused by Ionizing Radiation"
Obtaining damage caused by ionizing radiation is a job-related hazard that astronauts face. Ionizing radiation causes an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) which then allows DNA damage and cell death to occur. This harmful interaction can in turn result in cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. However, antioxidants have been shown to lower the amount of ROS. Therefore, we propose that pretreatment with Vitamin E and N-acetyl-cysteine prior to being exposed to ionizing radiation will lower the amount of DNA damage accrued. To analyze our hypothesis, assays will be performed to investigate ROS levels in cells pretreated with antioxidants.

Michael Oldakowski
University of New Haven
"Effects of Oxygen on Pathogenic Bacteria"
Recent data has shown that pathogenic bacterial biofilms may grow differently in space stations than Earth. There were several investigations on space related environmental factors but oxygen levels were not studied. This proposal will investigate how different oxygen levels affect biofilm growth. Our laboratory has shown that Lyme disease spirochetes can form an organized biofilm which is resilient to environmental factors. This biofilm model will be used to better understand how spirochetal bacteria respond to low or no oxygen conditions. Results from this study will help to better understand the safety measures needed during space travel to ensure successful missions.

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Alexandra Goriounova
University of New Haven
"Collection and Chemical Analysis of Micrometeorites"
Rain water will be collected in order to obtain micrometeorite pieces that are falling to the Earth’s surface, and chemical composition analysis will be conducted on the collected micrometeorites. This project will focus on metal micrometeorites, as they can easily be isolated by strong magnets and analyzed using chemical instruments at University of New Haven. As an outreach effort, collection devices will be duplicated for K-12 students to collect micrometeorites from locations in the greater New Haven area. This process will expose students to STEM related work, augment their space knowledge, and hopefully encourage their STEM interests.

WeSaam Lepak
University of Hartford
"Investigating the Acoustic Performance of Additively Manufactured Reeds as an Acoustic Liner in Aircraft Engines"
The noise emission from airplanes is reduced by coating the interior of the jet engine with an acoustic liner to absorb sound. NASA has recently found that reeds can be used as an effective acoustic liner to absorb sound in the low frequency range whilst utilizing little weight, though the geometry has not yet been optimized to maximize acoustic absorption. This proposed research project will investigate the effect of diameter, orientation, variability, and spacing of reeds to optimize acoustic absorption. Such research will decrease environmental noise from airplanes, aligning with NASA’s strategic mission to improve humanity’s quality of life.

Neha Pasnoori
University of Bridgeport
"Cooperative Intrusion Detection System for the Internet-of-WSNs Using Satellite Link Communications"
The Internet of Wireless Sensor Networks (IoWSN) consists of many sensors communicating through satellites. The network collects data from remote areas, which will be used to help science labs located in space. However, due to the limited computational capabilities and battery lifetime of sensors, applications need to be judicious in using resources, which makes it difficult to implement Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). The objective of this project is to devise an IDS implementation method for integrated space station and satellites to control IoWSNs. With this proposed method, unnecessary communications can be substantially reduced, and the performance, security, and lifetime of the IoWSNs will improve.

Benjamin Rumrill
Eastern Connecticut State University
"The Effect of Microgravity on the Growth and Function of Neural Cells"
In 2015, scientists discovered that spaceflight could lead to cognitive deficits, due to the inhibition of neural stem cell differentiation (Blaber et al., 2015). The purpose of this research is to test for changes in the production of neural stem cells ability to replicate and differentiate, when grown in simulated microgravity compared to normal conditions. The working hypothesis is that microgravity experienced during spaceflight, impairs the ability of neural stem cells to reproduce and differentiate. If the production of neural cells is affected by microgravity, then it may explain the cognitive deficits found in astronauts after spaceflight.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Basel Alnajjar
University of Connecticut

Lauren Atkinson
Eastern Connecticut State University

Cameron Bopp
Central Connecticut State University

Leah Lansdowne
University of New Haven

Samuel Nguyen
Fairfield University

Hetal Patel
University of Connecticut

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Ryan Avery
Fairfield University

Sarah Douyard
University of Connecticut

Jonathan Stanford
University of New Haven

Community College Scholarship

Hector Navarro
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Project Grant

Sean Coughlan
Trinity College
"Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"

Christina Ficaro
Fairfield University
"Portable Solar Powered Desalination Unit"

Ryan Hyatt
University of Connecticut
"AIAA Rocketry"

Arkid Koni
Central Connecticut State University
"CCSU Lunar Exploration Club"

Alex Laferriere
Trinity College
"Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"

Thomas Moroski
Fairfield University
"Precision Adhesive Application"

Jordan Rippe
University of New Haven
"Understanding the Enzymatic Mechanism of TET2 Proteins for Leukemia Studies Using QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulation"

Student Travel

Ryan Adler-Levine
Wesleyan University

Carly Balskus
Eastern Connecticut State University

Sophia Flury
Wesleyan University

Melissa Luna
Wesleyan University

Graduate Research Fellowship

Sarah Arveson
Yale University
“Immiscibility of Molten Iron Alloys in Planetary Cores”
In this research, melting experiments will be performed on Fe-Si-O to understand the physicochemical properties of core materials. Preliminary measurements reveal that immiscible melts are produced at high pressures, providing evidence for stratification that may have been integral in sustaining a dynamo before inner core formation. These experiments will provide insight into planetary core evolution.

Sonia Chavez
University of Connecticut
“Nanocoatings to Increase the Barrier Properties and Thermal Insulation for Aerospace Applications”
This project will focus on developing a nanocoating with outstanding barrier properties and thermal insulation for aerospace products. To do so, inorganic nanosheets [montmorillonite (MMT)] will be used with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a hybrid nanocoating with a highly ordered structure. In addition to PVA, epoxy will be used as an alternative binder to further improve the properties of the substrate and a crosslinking agent will be used to further bond the components through covalent interactions.

Kierstin Daviau
Yale University
“Identifying Exoplanet Interiors from Atmospheric Signals”
This research will investigate the connection between a planet's interior and atmosphere using high-pressure/temperature experiments on the oxidation reactions between SiC and SiO2, materials proposed to make up carbon-rich exoplanets. Results will be compared to existing and upcoming exoplanetary atmosphere measurements, and frequency bands will be recommended for observation in order to detect a carbon-planet atmosphere.

Jordyn-Marie Dudley
Wesleyan University
“Characterization of Water in Differentiated Achondrite Parent Bodies”
The objective of this study is to determine the water abundance and hydrogen isotopic compositions of 15 achondrite meteorites, characterize their parents bodies, and determine if they provide evidence of a water-rich accretion. Like NASA's Space Science enterprise, this study aims to generate and communicate knowledge of the evolution of the universe, solar system, planets and anomalous Earth.

Anthony Patelunas
University of Connecticut
“Determination of the Muscle Stem Cell Lineage by Single-cell Transcriptomics”
This project will characterize transcriptional changes of muscle satellite cell progenitors and identify novel markers for activation such as growth factor receptors. Defining development and identifying markers will enable future targeted approaches to activating and maintaining satellite cells in atrophying skeletal muscle.

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Lauren Atkinson
Eastern Connecticut State University
“Evaluating the Scorpion Microbiome for Diversity and Antibiotic Production”
Scorpions are routinely exposed to potentially deadly microbes since many of their prey are vectors for deadly pathogens. This study aims to test the diversity of the scorpion microbiome and test for antibiotic production by members of the microbiome. The discovery of new antibiotics would benefit the medical community and space exploration, seeing as antibiotic resistance increases under microgravity and human immune systems weaken during missions.

Louis Cappucci
Trinity College
“Ignition Design and Test for a 3-D Printed Titanium Rocket Engine”
This experimental research project will seek to determine the most robust and reliable system of rocket engine ignition, which will be used to build and test a Titanium alloy 3D printed rocket engine. The purpose of this research is to consider several types of ignition methods and to experimentally determine the superior method based on several design consideration.

Lillian Hyde
Eastern Connecticut State University
“Assessment of Microglia Function in Brain and Blood Microenvironments”
This study will assess if microglia activation differs in cerebrospinal fluid compared to fetal bovine serum. By establishing a baseline for microglia function in their native environment, space travel conditions can eventually be tested to asses its affects on the central nervous system.

Celeste Smith and Paula Tartell
Wesleyan University
“The Newberry Volcano Crater Lakes, OR: Analogs for Ancient Planetary Environments?”
Some volcanic lakes bear strong resemblances to early planetary environments. This research will study such a lake at Newberry volcano in Oregon where the local ecosystem is largely provided for by elements provided by the volcano. With the essential nutrients also come volcanic toxins, in this case mercury. The pathways of mercury and CO2 gas from the subaqueous vents and hot springs into the lake will be determined and the effects of toxic mercury will be assessed.

William Tait
University of Connecticut
“Investigation of Hydrate Sodium Carbonate Powders as a Dry Sorbent for CO2, SOx, and NOx”
This project aims to research hydrated sodium carbonate powders (HSCPs), which are a mixture of sodium carbonate and dry water, a powder that is a silica-coated water-air emulsion, as a dry sorbent for carbon dioxide and other gaseous pollutants. The recycling efficiency of HSCPs will also be tested, since being able to recycle the sorbent for reuse would be economically and environmentally friendly.

Dana Wensberg
Trinity College
“Liquid-Fueled Rocket Injector Design for Additive Manufacturing”
This research seeks to develop a fuel injection plate for a liquid bipropellant rocket using additive manufacturing (3D printing). This project will utilize Arcan's Q20+ machine. The injector must fit to an existing nozzle and set of performance requirements. This research will demonstrate the application of additive technology in high performance rocketry, enhancing NASA's ability to create more effective components.

Project Grant

Gukyoung An
University of Bridgeport
“CanSat Competition: The Knight Gliders”

Seth Hanson
Central Connecticut State University
“The Implementation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for the Detection of Radioactivity”

Tyron Hill
Central Connecticut State University
“Multirotor With Multi-Directional Robotic Arm”

Student Travel

Jalal-ud-din Butt
Central Connecticut State University

Jacob Fanthorpe
Wesleyan University

Melissa Luna
Wesleyan University

Undergraduate Scholarship

Ervin Lara
University of Bridgeport

Hetal Patel
University of Connecticut

Kyle Vaccaro
University of Hartford

Kim-Vui Duong
Central Connecticut State University

Ian Waters
Central Connecticut State University

Community College Scholarship

Donna Crane
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Lydia Gjuraj
Norwalk Community College

Michael Koutoumbas
Norwalk Community College

Tahje McClain
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Hector Navarro
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Roger Pappineau
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Donato Piroscafo
Gateway Community College

John Rivera
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Matthew Stromberg
Norwalk Community College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Giuliano Stabile
University of Connecticut

Summer Internship

Cassidy Atkinson
University of Connecticut

Thomas D'Auria
University of Connecticut

Stephen DeRosa
University of Hartford

Justin Longton
Three Rivers Community College

Jacob Mikullitz
University of Connecticut

Thienly Nguyen
University of Hartford

Levi Reynolds
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Community College Scholarship

Josiel Batista
Naugatuck Valley Community College

 Elaina Becher
Quinebaug Valley Community College

Lydia Gjuraj
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Lindsey Japa
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Jody Jarvella
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Donato Piroscafo
Gateway Community College

Levi Reynolds
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Andre Roscoe
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Lanaya Shuler
Naugatuck Valley Community College

William Perry Weingart
Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Community College Transfer Scholarship

Andrew St. Amand
Central Connecticut State University

Emina Hodzic
University of Hartford 

Sarah Kurtz
Fairfield University

Graduate Research Fellowship

Tian McCann
University of Connecticut
“3D Printed Hydrogels for Skeletal Muscle Differentiation for Human iPS Cells”
The effect of 3D printed hydrogels with varying matrix stiffness on the differentiation of human iPS cells towards skeletal muscle will be investigated and an in vitro skeletal muscle culture model will be developed.

Manal Tahhan
University of Connecticut
“Computational Design Method for Skin-Frame Habitats”
A computational method to design lunar habitats made of bars covered by a skin is proposed. The goals for this project are to render feasible designs, implement a length constraint on the bars for packing purposes, and minimize the weight of the structure while maximizing the habitable volume.

Project Grant

Lauren Atkinson
Eastern Connecticut State University
“Evaluating the Scorpion Microbiome for Diversity and Antibiotic Production”

Kevin Bartlett
Central Connecticut State University
“Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine”

Joseph Dworkin
Trinity College
“A Biomedical Exoskeletal Arm”

Christopher Gutierrez
Fairfield University
“Micro Bioreactor Array for Tissue Engineering Applications”

Evan Haas
Yale University
“Experimental Hybrid Fuel Rocket Engine”

Julia McManus
Fairfield University
“Wear-Free Power Transfer”

Jack Roth
Yale University
“Investigating the Tardigrade and E. Coli via High Altitude Balloon”

David Rutledge
Central Connecticut State University
“Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine”

Michael Van der Linden
Yale University
“YUAA Cosmic Ray Cubesat”

Student Travel

Lauren Atkinson
Eastern Connecticut State University

Jalal-ud-din Butt
Central Connecticut State University

Kimberly Colavito
University of Hartford

Kevin Connolly
Eastern Connecticut State University

Nina Kosciuszek
Fairfield University

Jeffrey Panko
University of New Haven

Avi Stein
Wesleyan University

Christina Welch
Eastern Connecticut State University

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Alec Andrulat
University of New Haven
“Developing a Serious Game to Enhance Experiental Education at University of New Haven: Gamifying of the Supply Chain Management Course”
This project aims to integrate gamification concepts into EGRM 6641 Supply Chain Management, a Master’s level course in the Industrial and Systems Engineering program at the University of New Haven.

Hannah Fritze
Wesleyan University
“Searching for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Ultraluminous X-Ray Binaries”
Star formation information will be gathered for a number of ultraluminous X-ray sources using multi-wavelength spectral and temporal analysis of observations taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The outcome of this project will allow better understanding of the evolution and nature of stellar-mass black holes.

Anna Mercaldi
University of New Haven
“Anti-Bacterial Surfaces for Preventing ‘Sick’ Spacecrafts: Optimizing NO Releasing Polymer Composition for Increased Stability Under Room Temperature Conditions”
The goal of this project is to determine stability effects from first conjugating NO to additives before incorporating the formed complexes, at different percentages into PDMS.

Sophia Sanchez-Maes
Yale University
“Probing the Wavelength Dependence of Stellar Activity Driven Doppler Noise”
By formulating a physical model of spot/faculae related activity, and testing its fit with large and precise dataset similar observations for an activity-quiet star, wavelength-dependence will be investigated.

Dennis Scheglov
University of Connecticut
“Using a Cylindrical Coordinate System to Facilitate Multi-Material 3D Printing”
A proposed device will be able to incorporate multiple materials into a print simultaneously, or print in fewer materials at drastically increased speeds. Based on a cylindrical coordinate system, this method will incorporate the benefits of composite material structures and their properties into its prints.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Dylan Bernard
Central Connecticut State University 

Jalal-ud-din Butt
Central Connecticut State University

Daniel Cataldo
University of Connecticut

Kevin Connolly
Eastern Connecticut State University 

Meagan Ferreira
University of Connecticut

Rami Hamati
Wesleyan University

Ravina Hingorani
Fairfield University 

Christopher Hollaway
Central Connecticut State University

 Alicia Lynn
Central Connecticut State University

David Machado
Wesleyan University

Anthony Mastromarino
University of Hartford

Samuel Nguyen
Fairfield University

Tristan Peirce
Trinity College

Kailey Pisko
Eastern Connecticut State University

Austin Thomas
University of New Haven

Christina Welch
Eastern Connecticut State University

Michael Wright
Fairfield University

Helicopter Workshop

Connie Freelove
Housatonic Community College

Rami Hamati
Wesleyan University

Nicholas Saint
Housatonic Community College

Gregory Smith
University of Hartford

William Perry Weingart
Northwestern Connecticut Community College

Industrial/Technical Internship

Jason Alvarez
Naugatuck Valley Community College
Tier One

Wesaam Lepak
University of Hartford
Longman Lindsey

Anthony Mastromarino
University of New Haven
United Technologies Aerospace Systems

Daniel Pappalardo
University of Hartford
United Technologies Research Center

Education Internships

Amy Christensen
University of Connecticut
Connecticut Invention Convention

Bailey Muchin
University of Connecticut
Connecticut Invention Convention

NASA Academy

Jack Stallman
Trinity College

Garrett Taylor
University of Connecticut

Community College Quadcopter Challenge

Eric Abell, John Gray, Melanie McFadden, Amy Skrypczak
Quinebaug Valley Community College
QQ (Quinebaug Quadcopter)

John Beane, Joseph Dolan, Maari Lang, Khoa Nguyen, Bibi Rahamatullah
Naugatuck Valley Community College
NV Fly High

Blake Bennett, Brandon D'Agostino, Nichole Dineson, Nicholas Saint, Christopher Torok
Housatonic Community College
Housatonic Flyers

Daniel Fetzner, Lillian Orelup, Pedro Pinales, William Weingart
Northwestern Connecticut Community College
Quad Squad - Team B

Kristen Mallery, Jesse Marek, Michael Pavlik Jeffery Wright
Northwester Connecticut Community College
Quad Squad - Team A

Community College Scholarship

Jason Alvarez
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Ricardo Figueroa, Jr.
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Geoff Rose
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Shaun Mahmood
Wesleyan University
"Characterization of Hydrous Melt Inclusions in Lunar Return Samples"
Water content in the lunar crust and mantle is becoming increasingly important for understanding the early formation processes.  For this study, maps of melt clusions within lunar sample 75055, 50, 75055, 123b (ilmenite basalts) and additional Apollo samples will be created to detect H₂O and OH content within these features in preparation for further quantitative analysis.  For this study, SEM imagery and EMPA geochemical maps will be utilized to determine mineralogy of the host grains of these inclusions. Examination of the resulting geochemical data will allow better understanding of the early lunar surface and mantle.

Shawn McGinley
University of New Haven
"A New Method for Early Cancer Diagnosis (Liquid Biopsy)"
The goal of this research will be to test a novel biosensor for the quick and effective diagnosis of cancer cells utilizing the principle of nucleic acid hybridization.  Cancer cells release small RNA containing vesicles that have previously found to be useful in determining whether a patient has cancer through the detection of mutations.  This technology could be very influential in NASA’s future strategic goals due to radiation levels astronauts are periodically exposed to while on missions to space.  This novel biosensor will be extremely useful in the monitoring of astronaut health before, during, and after missions.

Benjamin McKeeby
Wesleyan University
"An Analysis of Hydrothermal Sulfate Formation in St. Lucia Using the Mars 2020 Instrument Suite"
This study will attempt to distinguish between abiotic and biologically mediated sulfate minerals of a Mars Analogue using a combination of Raman spectroscopy techniques in conjunction with SEM and XRD analysis.  Additionally the presence of biosignatures in the form of organic molecules within sulfate minerology will be investigated.  Combining this data with SEM images of the regions will allow for mapping of the distribution of organics throughout the sampled regions.

Lorenzo Sewanan
Yale University
"Dissecting Multiscale Impact of Microgravity Induced Changes on Cardiac Physiology and Function Using Molecularly Detailed Myofilament Model"
This project proposes to examine the effect of preload alterations on the myocardium by extending out molecularly detailed model of myofilament activation to include a thermodynamically consistent model of myosin kinetics, to validate the completed model using high-fidelity data from the literature, and to carry out extensive multiscale simulations to understand how microgravity induced changes in preload may impact fundamental design of efficient experiments and even potentially inform preventative and counter measures to control adverse effects on the heart.

Student Project Grant

Sheila Berna
University of Bridgeport
"CanSat Competition (Team: GliderTron 3000)"

Jessica Durkin
Eastern Connecticut State University
"The Effect of Microgravity on Neuron Viability and Communication"

Student Travel Grant

Sheila Berna
University of Bridgeport
CanSat Competition in Burkett, TX

Katherine Burgos
Eastern Connecticut State University
Society of Developmental Biology

Phillip Carroll
University of Bridgeport
Travel to Palestine, TX

Joshua Hauge
University of Bridgeport
Travel to Fort Sumner, NM for HASP

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Katherine Burgos
Eastern Connecticut State University
"The Effect of Simulated Microgravity on the Functions of Olfactory Neurons in the Nematode, C. Elegans"
The purpose of this project is to better understand how microgravity affects the nervous system of a living organism. Understanding whether microgravity affects the organism, C. elegans, can potentially help to uncover the specific ways that the function of human neurons are impaired during spaceflight. Moreover, in the long term, it can also contribute to the development of strategies that can reduce the disturbances caused by microgravity and potentially prevent them from affecting humans during spaceflight.

Cerys Holstege
Yale University
"Characterization of Novel Radiation Resistant Microorganisms"
Two recently isolated and previously uncharacterized highly UV-C resistant microorganisms, Hymenobacter sp. and Geodermatophilus sp., were studied in a lab at NASA Ames Research Center.  Exposure experiments were followed by RAPD analysis, a PCR reaction that allows the visualization of DNA breaks and their repair over time, and thymine dimer detection with immunoblotting, which allowed the quantification of the number of thymine dimers in exposed DNA. 

Nina Kosciuszek
Fairfield University
"Incorporating Aerogels Into Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors"
Procedures were developed to synthesize glucose oxidase encapsulated aerogels to use in glucose sensing electrochemical biosensors in order to systematically determine if the aerogel’s high porosity and surface area would enhance the performance of these sensors. The team hoped this research would increase understanding of how porosity and surface area affects glucose biosensing with the long-term goal of improving biosensors for other clinically or environmentally relevant targets including any relevant to human activity in space.

Hanna Morales
Wesleyan University
"Syntheses of Flourinated Trehalose to Test Their Impact on Protein Stability"
The goal of this research is to determine the effect that fluorination will have on the osmolyte properties exhibited by trehalose, since fluorination of sugars has previously shown to enhance protein-carbohydrate affinity (N’Go, 2014, Chemistry). Two difluorinated derivatives, 6,6’-dideoxy-6,6’-difluorotrehalose and 4,4’-dideoxy-4,4’-difluorotrehalose, are the focus of this research, paying careful attention to the mechanism by which they interact with water, how the fluorine atoms affect this interaction, and how a protein’s structure and behavior change as a result of the fluorinated compound’s presence.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Courtney Driscoll
Trinity College

Kim-Vui Duong
Central Connecticut State University

Alicia Lynn
Central Connecticut State University

Samuel Nguyen
Fairfield University

John O'Neill
Fairfield University

Tristan Peirce
Trinity College

Community College Scholarship

Itania Lamarre
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Jonathan Stanford
Naugatuck Valley Community College

Graduate Research Fellowship

Alan Shen
University of Connecticut
"Additive Manufacturing of Flexible Sensors"
The ink rheology and particle size that best suits micro-dispensing direct write applications were tested using a novel design for displacement sensing technology, optimized ink formulation analysis, and a new angle for additive manufacturing process control: line-to-line spacing. The process strives for accurate printed resistance accuracy and involves in-situ aligning conducting and insulating inks to generate the circuit. Also conducted were electrical tests to compare the resistance between commercial resistor devices and micro-dispensing printed resistor devices.

Student Project Grant

Andrew Arkebauer
Yale University
"High Performance UAV"

Brian Beitler
Yale University
"Sky Metagenomics Rocket Project"

Jalal-ud-din Butt
Central Connecticut State University
"CCSU NASA Rover Challenge Team"

Leonard Cannon
Central Connecticut State University
"Space Frame Optimization for Rapid Prototyping"

Sandra Diaz
Central Connecticut State University
"Solar Powered RC Plane"

Noel Laflamme
Fairfield University
"Table-Top Micro Patterning Device"

Betsy Li
Yale University
"Yale Undergraduate Aerospace Association CubeSat"

Dominic Miceli
Central Connecticut State University
"CCSU NASA Rover Challenge Team"

Scott Smith
Yale University
"Automated Optical Telescope for Astrophotography and Outreach"

Kelly Woods
Southern Connecticut State University
"Carbon Nanotube Synthesis From Block Copolymer Deposited Catalyst"

Ian Wooley
Yale University
"Yale Undergraduate Rover Association (YURA)"

Student Travel Grant

Melissa Lowe
Wesleyan University
47th Lunar & Planetary Science Conference

Dominic Miceli
Central Connecticut State University
NASA Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama

Jesse Tarnas
Wesleyan University
American Geophysical Union and American Astronomical Society Meetings

Undergraduate Research Fellowship

Rachel Aronow
Wesleyan University
"Planet Formation and Stellar Characteristics in Tatooine-Like Systems"
KH 15D consists of two young stars in orbit about their common center of mass, enclosed by a disk of gas and dust that undergoes precession. This project had two main branches of study, the first of which was continuing to study the system in optical and near-infrared light. The second goal of the project was to try and detect KH 15D using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), a radio interferometer located in Chile.

Caitlin Hansen
Southern Connecticut State University
"Determination of Nanoparticle Size Distributions to Investigate Sameness"
This project aimed to create a method to automate or semi-automate the size measurements of nanoparticles in images taken with a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).  The overall purpose of this study was to use image processing methods to reduce the error associated with manually measuring particle sizes.

Fiona O'Donnell
University of Connecticut
"Analysis of Lunar Habitats"
This research project analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of current proposed design concepts of lunar habitats in terms of structural safety, and feasibility of transport and construction. The first phase of this research project was to identify the constraints on the design of lunar habitats as well as currently proposed designs for lunar habitats. A review of the scientific literature on lunar habitats including design constraints, feasible materials, and proposed structures has been performed to evaluate existing lunar structural designs and to identify a design that will best meet these requirements.

Tristan Peirce
Trinity College
"Analyzing the Dynamics of Highly Turbulent, Interacting, Bluff Body Flames"
The key focus of this work will be an investigation of the turbulent flow field in which interacting turbulent flames reside. Detailed comparisons between the single and multiple bluff-body flow fields to analyze the flow field modifications that the adjacent flows introduce will be performed. Understanding flame interaction will have important consequences towards NASA’s mission to develop next-generation high performance engines.

Jeffrey Panko
University of New Haven
"High Velocity Atmospheric Deceleration Devices: CFD Simulations of Parachutes and Ballutes"
This research intends to model deceleration devices, specifically, parachutes and ballutes, in order to provide data into the optimal design and flight characteristics which exceed the performance of current devices.  Through utilization of modern Computational Fluid Dynamics software, research will be conducted towards determining the effects of ballute features, such as seams, ram air inlets, and varying body shapes, on global and local flow around rigid geometries to provide design insights as to which produce optimal coefficients of drag. Said research will aid in the production of systems that allow the exploration, development, and research of space alongside relevant technologies.

Dana Wensberg
Trinity College
"Real Time Cardiovascular Monitor Employing a Digital Stethoscope"
The goal of this research was to create a reliable and comprehensive heart monitor that operated via wireless communication between a main console (responsible for processing) and the device capturing and sending heart sound data - acting as a real time cardiovascular monitor employing a digital stethoscope.

Undergraduate Scholarship

Benjamin Bartolome
Yale University

Phillip Carroll
University of Bridgeport

Daniel Cataldo
University of Connecticut

Aylin Garcia-Soto
Wesleyan University

Joshua Hauge
University of Bridgeport

Jessica Johnson
Central Connecticut State University

Paul Klaucke
Southern Connecticut State University

Anthony Mastromarino
University of New Haven

Jacob Mevorach
Trinity College

Daniel Pappalardo
University of Hartford

Garrett Sullivan
Southern Connecticut State University

Luis Mauricio Uyaguari
Trinity College