Past Faculty Award Recipients

Faculty Project Grant

Nicolas Zoghb
University of Bridgeport
Realizing Mathematical Potential for Incoming Freshmen

This is a mathematics enrichment program designed to engage incoming freshmen students in immersive mathematical experiences to prepare them for university math courses as well as math-based science and engineering courses.

Faculty Travel Grant

Rasmani Hazra
University of New Haven
Advancing glioblastoma research through international collaboration: a professional development opportunity at the 2025 WFNOS-SNO meeting.

Attending the 2025 WFNOS-SNO Annual Meeting in Honolulu is a vital opportunity to advance my research on glioblastoma, particularly in areas of radiation-induced mutations and RNA-based immunotherapies. The meeting’s theme, “30 Years of Progress,” aligns with my focus on emerging hallmarks of brain cancer and fosters interdisciplinary collaboration. Presenting my work will enhance my professional development, expand my global network, and support translational insights relevant to both oncology and space radiation biology. This experience will strengthen my scientific foundation and contribute meaningfully to NASA’s mission by bridging cancer research with space health priorities.

Faculty/Student Research

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
Automated Robotic Inspection System for Aerospace Airfoils Based on 3D/2D Vision and AI

This project aims to develop an automated robotic inspection system for aerospace airfoils, enhancing propulsion system reliability for NASA. The system integrates an ABB IRB-1200 robot with a FocalSpec LCI 1600 line sensor to perform high-resolution 3D scans of airfoils, addressing the limitations of traditional manual inspection methods. The centralized control interface ensures accurate and repeatable results, while future iterations aim to automate scan merging using RealityCapture's command-line interface. This project provides practical experience for student researchers and contributes to the advancement of aerospace technologies.

Brian Wells
University of Hartford
The University of Hartford Multiscale Metamaterial Undergraduate Student-Faculty Research Summer 2025

The proposed project will be led by Professor Brian Wells at the University of Hartford’s Multiscale Metamaterial Research Laboratory. This effort consists of two integrated projects aligned with NASA’s Science (SMD), Space Technology (STMD), and Space Operations (SOMD) Mission Directorates. The first project involves the development of an X-band software-defined radio (SDR)-based vector network analyzer, which will be incorporated into our state-of-the-art, custom-built automated microwave optics table. This system will characterize reconfigurable metasurfaces and metalenses for beam steering and frequency modulation, with direct applications in satellite communications and wireless energy transfer in the X-band (8–12 GHz). The second project focuses on the additive manufacturing of compact, flat metamaterial lenses. A Lulzbot TAZ6 FDM printer will be adapted to incorporate novel high-conductivity photoactivated paste extrusion additives into dielectric filament manufacturing. Simultaneously, a Phrozen Sonic Mighty 14K SLA printer will be modified to cycle photopolymer resins for fabricating high-resolution dielectric and conductive structures. Two undergraduate students—one from a community college—will participate fully in design, fabrication, and testing throughout the 8-week Summer 2025 program.

STEM Education Programming Grant

Viktoria Savatorova
Central Connecticut State University
Undergraduate-Led Learning: Mathematical Modeling in Aerospace

We propose two STEM workshops for local high school students, designed and led by undergraduate students with faculty advisement. Each session will focus on an aerospace-themed experiment - rocket launches and parachute design - and guide participants through data collection and the development of mathematical models based on physical laws of motion. CCSU alumni working in aerospace will be invited to share their career journeys as guest speakers. Connecticut hosts globally leading companies in aerospace and other STEM fields, creating strong demand for a skilled local workforce.  Our project aligns with NASA’s mission to build the STEM pipeline.

Robert Sheftel
CT State Community College - Naugatuck Valley
STEM Maker Lab: A Summer Hands-On Tech Experience for Underserved students at CT State Naugatuck Valley

Aligned with NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement, the STEM Maker Lab at CT State Naugatuck Valley empowers CT State Colleges students from underserved communities to explore STEM through immersive, project-based learning. Inspired by the energy and creativity of maker spaces, the program will offer experiences in coding, AI, soldering, 3D design, 3D printing, and electronic circuitry, while also integrating Digital Graphic Arts. Participants will not only build and assemble tech projects—they will document and showcase their work through multimedia content creation, cultivating both technical and creative skill sets.

STEM Education Research Grant

Tomoyasu Mani
University of Connecticut
Molecular Quantum Days for High School Teachers and Students

This project proposes to develop a new outreach program, weekend workshops (Molecular Quantum Days), targeted at high school students and teachers focusing on molecular quantum science and technologies.  The new program will allow high school students and teachers to explore the quantum world through molecular science, connecting quantum concepts with phenomena/technologies students find in daily life. Students will explore fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics through hands-on activities and discussions facilitated by PIs and undergraduate/graduate assistants. The project aligns with NASA’s mission to develop cutting-edge quantum technologies for space exploration and scientific discovery under the Space Operation and Space Technology Mission Directorates.

Faculty Research Grant

Junnan Cao
Central Connecticut State University
Hybrid biopolymer-sulfur stabilization for Lunar and Martian surface infrastructure

Sustainable surface infrastructure is essential to achieving NASA’s Artemis and Mars exploration goals. This research proposes a novel biopolymer-sulfur hybrid method to stabilize lunar and Martian regolith, combining biologically derived polymers for initial soil cohesion with sulfur infusion to enhance structural strength and environmental durability. The mechanical properties, erosion resistance, and long-term resilience of the hybrid material will be systematically evaluated. This approach advances In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies, reduces construction energy demands, and supports the objectives of NASA’s Space Technology, Human Exploration, and Science Mission Directorates by enabling robust, low-mass surface infrastructure for future missions.

Natalia Gonzalez Pech
Wesleyan University
Synthesis of clusters of Fe3O4 and NiO nanoparticles for water reclamation

Water reclamation is process that allows the use of treated water in conditions where clean water is not readily available. Our goal is to synthesize clusters of magnetite nanoparticles that incorporate NiO. Magnetite nanoparticles are well-known for the high capabilities to remove ions such as arsenate and phosphates from water. We propose adding NiO to enhance the water treatment to also remove organic molecules such as urea. Urea and phosphates are some of the main components of urine, which could be used to reclaim water in space exploration missions.

Shivanjali Khare
University of New Haven
SPARC: Spectrally-Guided Pseudolabeling for RGB-Only Semantic Segmentation of Urban Land Cover

This project addresses the need for improved land cover analysis in RGB imagery by introducing a novel spectrally-guided pseudo-labeling pipeline that generates land, water, soil, and tree canopy masks from NDVI. Pixel-level labels derived from NDVI are spatially mapped to RGB images to create a training dataset for a deep learning segmentation model to detect pervious and impervious surfaces from RGB-only imagery. This approach enhances ecosystem monitoring and decision-making where access to spectral imagery is unavailable, directly supporting NASA’s Earth Science objectives by improving access to advanced Earth observation and fostering a sustainable environment.

Gengyun Le-Chan
University of Hartford
Exploiting exercise to combat type 1 diabetes: Enhancing glucose control, immune function, and muscle health for space and earth-based human well-being

This project explores the preventive and therapeutic effects of exercise on metabolic, immune, and musculoskeletal health in type 1 diabetes, with implications for both Earth-based and spaceflight environments. Utilizing the Non-Obese Diabetic mouse model and human participants, we aim to investigate how exercise influences blood glucose regulation, muscle function, and myokine signaling in diabetic conditions. Aligned with NASA’s Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD), this research intends to identify exercise-based countermeasures to combat muscle atrophy and metabolic dysregulation during long-duration space missions, promoting astronaut health and offering broader benefits for individuals with type 1 diabetes on Earth.

Yingcui Li
University of Hartford
AI-Based Spatial and Functional Modeling of Osteoclast and Osteoblast Interactions in Bone Remodeling and Degeneration

This project studies osteoblast–osteoclast dynamics in bone remodeling using high-resolution imaging and machine learning. Building on our AI model of endochondral ossification, we aim to create a spatially indexed, single-cell framework to analyze these cells in normal and degenerative conditions. By modeling bone formation and resorption in altered cellular environments, the research offers insights into musculoskeletal health for astronauts and age-related bone loss on Earth. It aligns with NASA’s Human Research Program, addressing skeletal deterioration during long-duration spaceflight and terrestrial aging.

Akshay Mathur
Fairfield University
Adversarially-Stable Cyber Defense for Anomaly Detection in Satellite Communications

This study explores the vulnerability of AI-driven anomaly detection models for space communication to adversarial attacks and investigates defense mechanisms to enhance their resilience. We will train machine learning models on a labeled satellite telemetry dataset and retrain them with adversarial examples to mitigate exploitable weaknesses. The dataset reflects real-life space communication scenarios, enabling robust anomaly detection. The proposed two-branch, end-to-end network architecture aims to provide layered defense against both evasion and poisoning attacks. This research not only addresses national security interests but also promotes student engagement in developing secure and resilient AI systems.

Fazel Mohammadi
University of New Haven
Integrated Space Systems Security and Data Assurance via Zero Trust Architecture

The integrity, confidentiality, and availability of space-derived data are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats targeting satellite communications, ground control infrastructure, and data relay networks. As space systems grow in complexity, autonomy, and interconnectivity, traditional perimeter-based security models are no longer sufficient. This proposal presents the design, analysis, and implementation of a domain-specific Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) designed for application across the space domain, addressing the unique operational and cybersecurity challenges of orbital and deep-space environments. The framework integrates core ZTA principles—such as continuous identity validation, least-privilege access control, and real-time behavioral monitoring—across the end-to-end satellite-to-ground architecture. Key technical components include cryptographically enforced trust boundaries, policy-driven access control engines, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered anomaly detection mechanisms. The resulting architecture is designed to be modular, scalable, and adaptable for a wide range of NASA mission profiles, including Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, deep-space exploration assets, and distributed satellite constellations.

David Shekhtman
Fairfield University
Shear Stress and Angle-of-Attack Flow Stability Measurements on Flight Geometries in Hypersonic Flow

Thin graphite resistor arrays are proposed to be used as shear sensors in hypersonic speed flow. Graphite resistors are sensitive to temperature, erosion, and flexing. These properties can be used to measure streamwise and wall-normal shear stress and heat flux profiles on test articles during ground testing. The slopes of these profiles can be used to determine the transition point and other flow features, such as separation bubbles. The wall-normal shear stress profile can contribute to the development of a general Law of the Wall turbulence model at different angles of attack. The proposal suggests exploring the use of graphite resistor arrays in cold Mach 6 flows, generated by the upcoming Fairfield Ludwieg Tube. Using a rotating model mount, the shear stress sensor arrays will be used on flight geometries (flat plates, actuated control surfaces, cones, and hollow cylinder flares) to ultimately measure the sensitivity of hypersonic flow fields to oscillations in angle of attack. Schlieren and possibly, acetone velocimetery will accompany results to verify flow conditions and transition point. From flow data, simplified turbulence models will be proposed to aid in hypersonic vehicle development. Multiple 2026 AIAA SciTech submissions will be made and presented. Students will participate in all project stages.

Elizabeth Stone
Fairfield University
Environmentally-Sustainable Synthesis of Xenobiotic Peptide Therapeutics

Natural biological processes rely on 20 canonical amino acids. Xenobiology seeks to expand the genetic code to utilize amino acids beyond those of terrestrial biology. The goal of this research is to develop a safe and sustainable method to synthesize and modify drugs that contain a xenobiotic amino acid. Working with undergraduate students, this work will advance key NASA directorates: 1) expanding traditional chemical synthesis to include xenobiotic materials that may be found in extra-terrestrial environments, and 2) developing safe and sustainable strategies to produce therapeutics that could be accomplished in remote locations or on exploration missions.

Carter Takacs
Quinnipiac University
Elucidation of ADNP function in neurodevelopment and maintenance using a zebrafish model

Exposure to radiation in space can result in increased risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a transcription factor that plays protective roles in neurodegeneration, and reduced ADNP function is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, and autism. Our lab has generated zebrafish harboring adnp gene mutations in order to better understand its neurodevelopmental roles. Here, we aim to 1)map brain activity in adnp mutant zebrafish and 2) identify downstream genes regulated by ADNP. Together, we seek to understand how ADNP impacts brain function, and highlight pathways that may provide neuroprotection in space.

Sanaz Vajedian
Wesleyan University
Monitoring Vegetation Dynamics in Borderland Ecosystems Using Integrated Satellite Imagery and Cloud-Based Analysis Platforms

This project aims to monitor vegetation change in the ecologically sensitive U.S.–Mexico borderlands using a multi-sensor, cloud-based remote sensing framework. By combining imagery from Sentinel-2, Landsat 8/9, HLS, and PlanetScope, we will generate seamless NDVI time series to detect vegetation stress linked to climate variability and human disturbance. Additional datasets, including precipitation, land surface temperature, and soil moisture, will support interpretation of observed patterns. Data processing will be conducted in Google Earth Engine and Google Colab. The project also includes undergraduate research training, offering hands-on experience with geospatial analysis, time series interpretation, and satellite-based environmental monitoring.

Song Wang
University of Hartford
Impact of Concrete Surface Roughness on the Short-Term and Long-Term Interfacial Bond Performance of FRP-Strengthened Concrete Members

This study will examine how concrete surface roughness affects the bond performance of FRP-strengthened concrete members. Concrete surfaces will be sandblasted to target roughness levels, then measured with two surface profiling machines to quantify roughness parameters before FRP application. Specimens will then undergo nine months of simulated harsh environmental conditioning. Mechanical tests will be conducted to assess short-term performance and long-term durability. Statistical and AI-driven image analyses will correlate roughness metrics with bond strength. Results will establish objective concrete surface preparation guidelines and support NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate by enabling rapid, on-site evaluation and construction of extraterrestrial infrastructures.

Faculty Project Grant

Kiwon Sohn
University of Hartford
Kinematic Reconfigurable Link Development for Humanoid’s Task Execution Capability Improvement

The main objective of the project is to improve humanoid’s task execution capabilities, especially terrain vehicle control, for supporting human labors (including astronauts) in various areas. The traditional body designs with fixed mechanism often prevent humanoids from utilizing various tools (including vehicles) with different kinematic dimensions and structures. As such, there is a critical need to bring the humanoid platform that can modify its kinematic features adaptively to the given work condition. Such humanoids will be able to control a wide variety of vehicles (including Luna Terrain Vehicle) adaptively to support astronauts (Extravehicular Activity & Human Surface Mobility in ESDMD).

Rasmani Hazra
University of New Haven
Targeted deletion of lncRNA GIHCG using CRISPR in 3D patient-derived organoids

Chronic radiation exposure during spaceflight is linked to DNA mutations that pose serious risks to brain health, contributing to aggressive brain cancers like glioblastoma (GBM). Characterized by high recurrence rates and resistance to standard therapies, GBM thrives due to adaptive glioblastoma stem cells. This study seeks to unravel the molecular function of the novel long non-coding RNA, GIHCG, in patient-derived 3D GBM organoids. Our preliminary analysis has shown that GIHCG is highly expressed in GBM tumors. By knocking out its expression, we will evaluate the resulting phenotypic changes in proliferation, migration, and invasion, illuminating its role in GBM progression. Targeting this lncRNA may reveal critical biomarkers and therapeutic targets, paving the way for more effective treatments for GBM.

Jani Pallis
University of Bridgeport
Near Space Robotics Project

In 2018, a NASA funded undergraduate student project developed a robotic monkey which successfully operated on a high-altitude balloon (HAB) and flew to 12,500 feet. The robot has motions, speaks and broadcasts live video in flight. Its purpose was to interact with K-12 students on the ground to teach “Near Space” science. Now, a new group of interdisciplinary engineering and computer science students will build an enhanced robot and resume its HAB flights.  The major enhancement to the robot’s flight system is the addition of a controllable, autonomous vent which can be opened/closed to allow helium out of the balloon, allowing the balloon to remain at a specified altitude and control the flight termination altitude.

Faculty Research Grant

Michelle Fabiani
University of New Haven
Automated Algorithmic Archaeological Looting Detection

This project seeks to fit and train an automated change detection algorithm (currently being developed by students) to identify probable looting pits across 632 archaeological sites in Lower Egypt from 2015 to 2023 using satellite imagery. The resulting dataset of probable looting activity in Lower Egypt will facilitate future analyses changes in looting activity over space and time in response to environmental, economic, and sociopolitical factors. This work extends two previous projects (a methodological pilot and the development of the algorithm in a prior CTSGC Faculty Research Project), positioning itself between the data collection and the data analysis in the training and validation of the algorithm. Relevant to the Science Mission Directorate, it will facilitate interdisciplinary analysis of landscape changes.

Naser Haghbin
Fairfield University
Dynamic Object Tracking and Handling in a Vision-Guided Robotic Arm

This project enhances autonomous robotic capabilities by developing real-time object detection, dynamic path planning, and adaptive response systems for a robotic arm. This involves using a vision system to track moving objects, creating algorithms for path adjustments, and programming the gripper for precise interaction. It supports NASA’s Mission Directorates by advancing technologies crucial for autonomous missions (Science Mission Directorate), fostering innovations in space technology (Space Technology Mission Directorate), and supporting human-robot collaboration for increased mission safety (Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate). This will improve sample collection on planetary surfaces, spacecraft assembly, and repair, and assist astronauts in hazardous tasks.

Elliott Horch
Southern Connecticut State University
Toward Imaging Stellar Surfaces with the Southern Connecticut Stellar Interferometer

The Southern Connecticut Stellar Interferometer is a 3-telescope instrument recently completed on the campus of Southern Connecticut State University. This proposal seeks funding to support student observers who will conduct two kinds of observing with the instrument during the first half of 2025. First, we will observe bright stars in a "wired" mode, where the photons detected at each telescope are recorded by a single timing correlator. These observations will be used to measure the diameters of bright stars. Second, we will conduct engineering observations in a "wireless" mode, where each telescope detects and records photons independently, but the stations are synchronized through GPS signals. If successful, these latter observations would allow us to use much larger baselines than currently possible in wired mode, and it would be a major step forward in demonstrating that the instrument is capable of resolving the surface features of bright stars.

Emily Levy
Sacred Heart University
You Are What You Eat: Integrative Effects of Food Supplementation on Native and Invasive Backyard Birds

Environmental factors during an animal’s early life can cause dramatic long-term effects, yet we lack an integrative and comparative understanding of how these early-life factors affect the whole organism, especially in wild animals. To address these gaps, my research group will conduct a comparative field experiment on native and invasive songbirds to test how food supplementation affects behavior, morphology, physiology, and survival of nestlings. This work will deepen our scientific understanding of our planet by furthering our discovery of the many biological systems that respond plastically to changing environments.

Yingcui Li
University of Hartford
Exploring the Cellular Mechanism of Bone Loss Using Big Data-based Image Analysis from High-Throughput, Cryohistology Digital Images

Bone loss puts a great danger to astronauts’ health and their ability to carry out basic functions during space travel and after returning to earth. The basic skeletal biology research community has a serious responsibility and major big data challenge to confront the space travel health impact caused by degenerative skeletal issues. This proposal is a joint effort of cartilage and bone biologists, computer scientists and science illustration artists aiming to develop a machine-based model from highly automated single cell level image analysis and big data AI technology to explore the cause of bone loss in space.

Hashini Mohottala
University of Hartford
Development of a Device for Oil Spill Cleanup Using Exfoliated Graphite (EG)

We propose developing a cutting-edge device to efficiently collect oil and other oil-based contaminants from water using exfoliated graphite (EG). EG, known for its remarkable hydrophobic properties and unique layered structure, has shown exceptional potential in absorbing oil due to its ability to trap oil between its layers while repelling water. By harnessing these intrinsic characteristics of EG, our project aims to offer a novel and highly effective solution to the ongoing challenge of oil spill remediation. The core of this innovation lies in a "smart device" that will autonomously navigate oil spill zones on the water's surface. Packed with EG material, the device will be equipped with a camera to detect the presence of oil, allowing it to move precisely and efficiently to contaminated areas. While moving through the area, the packed EG in the device will absorb the oil. After completing the collection process, it will return to a designated collection point where the oil can be safely removed, and the device prepared for reuse. The initial plan is to control the device remotely.

Sidike Paheding
Fairfield University
Transferring Knowledge Across Planets: Domain Adaptation for Martian Surface Mapping

The project aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of Martian surface mapping by transferring knowledge from Earth-based terrain datasets using advanced semi-supervised domain adaptation techniques. By bridging the domain gap between Earth and Mars, the project will develop robust terrain models specifically designed for Martian environments. These models will be critical in improving autonomous rover navigation, ensuring safer and more efficient exploration of the Martian surface. Additionally, this work supports broader space exploration goals, aligning with NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate objectives and contributing valuable advancements toward future missions to Mars.

Xin Shen
University of Hartford
Enhancing 3D Sensing, Profilometry and Object Recognition: Light Field Integral Imaging and AI for Space Applications

This research focuses on advancing 3D imaging and light field technologies to enhance optical sensing and navigation in space, especially in degraded environments. By analyzing Multi-Planar Integral Imaging, exploring light field depth estimation for 3D profilometry, and developing a light field-based point cloud model for object recognition using machine learning, this work aims to overcome current limitations in 3D imaging systems. The project also integrates educational initiatives, fostering faculty-student collaboration and promoting diversity in research. These advancements align with NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, offering solutions for space navigation, inspection, and remote sensing in extreme conditions.

Brian Wells
University of Hartford
Advancing CubeSat Technologies through the Design and Fabrication of Metamaterial-Based Devices for Space Imaging and Communication

This project addresses key challenges in developing compact, efficient metamaterial devices for space imaging and communication, with an emphasis on CubeSat technologies and space missions. Current space-bound instruments are constrained by size, weight, and performance limitations, necessitating innovative solutions. This research aims to overcome these issues by designing and fabricating metamaterial devices, including flat lenses, beam-splitting metasurfaces, and sensors using advanced 3D printing techniques. Two students will be funded in Spring 2025, taking on leadership roles in research, mentoring, and overseeing parallel projects. This work aligns directly with NASA's Science Mission Directorate, advancing space imaging and communication technologies while preparing students for future STEM careers.

Jinghui Yang
University of Hartford
Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood-Flow Restriction on Vascular Health in Healthy Adults

Exposure to microgravity leads to muscle atrophy and weakness. Conventional high-load exercise training effectively combats these effects but also increases strain-induced injury risks. Resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction (BFR) has been recently recommended to the space agencies as a promising alternative. BFR training confers comparable muscle adaptations compared to conventional high-load training, with lower load needed, less equipment required, and less time-consuming. However, its vascular effects remain inconclusive. To optimize BFR application, we will investigate the acute effect of BFR training on endothelial function. We hypothesize significant improvements to endothelial function, aligning with NASA’s mission to explore effective exercise countermeasures.

Faculty Travel Grant

Rasmani Hazra
University of New Haven
Advancing glioblastoma research through participation in the SNO Annual Meeting: a professional development and collaborative opportunity.

Attending the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) Annual Meeting is crucial for my professional development, offering invaluable access to cutting-edge neuro-oncology research and networking opportunities. As the world’s largest neuro-oncology conference, it brings together over 2,600 experts from diverse fields, providing a robust platform for collaboration and knowledge exchange. The theme, 'The Hallmarks of Brain Cancer,' will enhance my understanding of glioblastoma, particularly in areas like radiation-induced mutations and RNA-based therapies. Presenting my research on glioblastoma will raise my profile within the neuro-oncology community and foster collaborations that drive innovative therapeutic strategies, significantly advancing both my career and research.

Azmain Nisak
Wesleyan University
Travel to the 245th American Astronomical Society conference in National Harbor, Maryland

I am requesting funds to support travel to the 245th American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting, the largest regularly held conference in the astronomical sciences worldwide. My research helps to test the hypothesis that the Sun passed through a cold gas cloud 2-3 Myr ago, drastically compressing the heliosphere and potentially driving atmospheric changes on Earth. At the conference, I will have the opportunity to present my research findings, form new collaborations and networks with NASA scientists, and develop my skills in research, education, and outreach as an aspiring NASA scientist and educator.

Sanaz Vajedian
Wesleyan University
Attendance at AGU Conference 2024: Advancing Research in Surface Deformation Monitoring with InSAR

I am an Assistant Professor of Practice at Wesleyan University with a strong background in geophysics and remote sensing, particularly in the use of InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) for monitoring deformation processes related to both tectonic activity and groundwater depletion. I have been actively contributing to the development of advanced methodologies for modeling fault deformation and slip rates, particularly in challenging environments where tectonic and environmental signals overlap. This year, I have been selected to present two of my research projects at the AGU 2024 Conference in Washington, DC, which is a leading international platform for the exchange of research in the Earth sciences. These presentations focus on cutting-edge approaches to understanding seismic activity and land deformation in fault zones, as well as the impacts of groundwater extraction on fault behavior in California's Central Valley.

Faculty STEM Education Programming Grant

Meng-Ju Sher
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan Girls in Science Summer Camp 2025

Female faculty members from Wesleyan’s natural science and mathematics, in partnership with Middletown Public Schools, run a one-week “Girls in Science Summer Camp” for underserved elementary school girls from Middletown, CT, and the surrounding communities. The camp is designed to reveal to 32 girls, 9-12 years old the science that surrounds them in their daily lives, while also exposing them to (1) scientific concepts and vocabulary, (2) equipment and experiments, and (3) female scientist role models, including both faculty and female Wesleyan science students. Campers explore scientific topics ranging from neural activity and renewable energy to biochemistry through hands-on activities and science-inspired art projects.

Amy Weiss
University of Hartford
Jews in Space: Members of the Tribe in Orbit

The Museum of Jewish Civilization at the University of Hartford is hosting the exhibit, Jews in Space: Members of the Tribe in Orbit, from September 2024 – May 2025. "Jews in Space" highlights the contributions of Jews to the fields of aeronautics, science fiction, and popular culture. The largest section of the exhibit offers information and photography captured by the Hubble Space Telescope, which directly relates to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) and its Science Mission Directorate (SMD). The section on American astronauts relates to the Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD). The exhibit’s photography, videos, timeline, books, and memorabilia offer a compelling history of “Jews in Space.” In addition to the museum exhibit, the Museum of Jewish Civilization is also offering several public programs throughout the 2024 - 2025 academic year. Of special interest is "The Origins of Space: Religious and Scientific Perspectives" event, to take place on November 18, 2024. This program seeks to answer to interrelated questions: 1) What are the origins of space? 2) How was the world created? These lofty questions are often answered with either religious or scientific explanations, but rarely are those two perspectives put into dialogue with one another. This dynamic roundtable discussion attempts to offer potential answers to these questions by providing multiple viewpoints.

Faculty STEM Education Research Grant

Ted Efremoff
Central Connecticut State University
Exhibition of Artworks and Research focusing on Climate Change

This grant will be used for shipping artworks and purchasing materials for the purpose of educating students and the public through an exhibition of Art, Science and Music that is focused on Climate Change. The exhibition fulfills NASA’s Earth Science Mission Directorate.  It will take place in the CCSU Art Gallery between March 10 and April 11. The exhibition reception on Thursday, April 3 will be held in collaboration with the Art and Science focused CCSU Sustainability Symposium.

Gengyun Le-Chan
University of Hartford
Effectiveness of game-based learning on classroom engagement and knowledge retention in architectural and biomedical science undergraduate students

This proposal inquiries the effectiveness of game-based learning (GBL) in enhancing classroom engagement and knowledge retention among undergraduate students in architectural and biomedical science majors. By integrating GBL strategies, we aim to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills, aligning with NASA's mission directorates focused on innovation and education. Engaging students in immersive, simulation-based environments can enhance their understanding of complex concepts essential for aerospace applications and biomedical technologies. This project seeks to provide evidence of GBL's impact, ultimately contributing to a skilled workforce capable of supporting NASA's goals in exploration and scientific advancement.

Jacob Werblow
Central Connecticut State University
Planning, Piloting, and Assessing the Level-II NASA Astro Camp Teacher Certification

Conducted by the CT STEM Academy, the NASA Astro Camp Teacher Certification Program gives classroom teachers and aspiring educators the chance to learn how to inspire youth to learn about astrophysics, earth science, and heliophysics, which directly align with NASA’s Exploration Systems Development and Science Mission Directorate. Building off our two-year partnership where we will have trained over 40 CT teachers in the Level-I NASA Astro Camp Teacher Certification, CCSU and the CT STEM Academy are proposing to offer a Level-II Teacher Certification Pilot to CCSU students and CT Teachers. Teacher Certification Pilot to CCSU students and CT Teachers. In this project, we propose to: (a) design the curriculum for the Level II certification training, (d) to reach the program to approximately 20 students, and (c) to assess the effectiveness of the Level-2 certification for CT preservice and current teachers.

Curriculum Development Grant

Luz Amaya
Central Connecticut State University
Development of Undergraduate Level course for Numerical Methods for Engineering – ENGR 351

Numerical Methods for Engineering is a critical class which combines applications of mathematical concepts with computer programming. Currently, none of the Engineering programs at Central Connecticut State University (CCSU) have this class in the curriculum. The aim of this project is to develop Numerical Methods for Engineering, which will introduce fundamental numerical techniques to solve a variety of engineering problems using two programming languages Matlab and Python. Development of this class aligns with the NASA Science Mission Directorate, since this will improve the involvement and exposure of engineering students to the analysis of real-life problems using numerical techniques and computer modeling.

Reza Sheikhi
University of Connecticut
Development of a Project-Based Learning Undergraduate Computational Fluid Dynamics Course

The main objective of this proposal is to develop a new Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) course to offer undergraduate students a practical, hands-on approach to problem-solving using a commercial CFD software. The course covers basic CFD principles with a strong emphasis on practical aspects of CFD analysis including verification and validation. Project-Based Learning is integrated into the curriculum, providing students an effective way to grasp the CFD concepts through a series of targeted projects. To conclude the course, students complete a final project, wherein they conduct a comprehensive CFD analysis of a practical engineering problem.

Faculty Project Grant

Djedjiga Belfadel
Fairfield University
Building Programmable, Affordable Drones for GPS-Denied Swarm Navigation Research and Education

This project aims to advance drone technology research and education at university programs by building customizable, cost-efficient drones optimized for accurate swarm navigation in environments lacking GPS. Each drone incorporates an extended Kalman Filter (EKF), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and optical flow sensors, ensuring precision in navigation. A pivotal element of their design is a programmable microcontroller, facilitating comprehensive testing and deployment of our autonomous navigation algorithms. This initiative aligns perfectly with NASA-CT's objectives, serving both academic and research needs. Moreover, our budget-friendly strategy complements NASA's Space Technology strategic priorities.

Faculty Research Grant

Robin Chataut
Quinnipiac University
Optimizing Physical Layer Security for 5G and Beyond Networks

This research project aims to advance the state-of-the-art in wireless security by developing innovative signal processing algorithms, machine learning and artificial intelligence applications, and security optimization techniques in the context of Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems for next-generation networks (5G and beyond). These advancements are crucial for maintaining secure and efficient communication in space exploration and beyond. The project aligns with NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) by contributing to the development of cutting-edge technologies that enhance space exploration and secure data transmission. The research outcomes will have a significant impact on technology, cybersecurity, and space technology fields, offering diverse career opportunities for both the research team and future professionals in related domains.

Matthew Graham
Eastern Connecticut State University
Unveiling Oyster Resilience: Harnessing Microbial Insights to Empower NASA's Spacefaring Endeavors

Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, thrive in diverse habitats from shallow to deep waters. By combining field research, cutting-edge DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic reconstruction, this study unlocks the secrets of their microbiomes, revealing the microbial signatures associated with their remarkable tolerance to temperature and salinity stress. By understanding these adaptations, we can inform the development of sustainable food production systems for challenging environments, including space-based ecosystems, and contribute to NASA's Mission Directorates. Undergraduates will participate in all stages as they identify microbial symbionts and their evolutionary relationships within oyster populations across varying environmental conditions, cultivating a new generation of skilled scientists.

John Miecznikowski
Fairfield University
Synthesis and Characterization of ONO Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) and Copper(I) Pincer Complexes

We seek to prepare and characterize cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(I) pincer complexes, which are potential catalysts for the reduction of aldehydes, the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and the reduction of protons to hydrogen gas, which will be of interest in space missions.  We are preparing cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(I) complexes with novel pincer ligands which coordinate to metals with oxygen, nitrogen, and oxygen donor atoms that are analogous to complexes we previously published.  Since I will be working with two students on this research, the project described herein will also help progress NASA’s science mission directorate.

Helen Poulos
Wesleyan University
Springpulse: Modeling Groundwater Discharge in Large Texas Springs Using Field Data, Remote Sensing, and Machine Learning

Groundwater springs provide lush oases for humans and wild species, but climate change and human development now threaten their integrity. Ecological monitoring is critical for sustainable springs management, and remote sensing offers tools for estimating real-time spring discharge. This project explores the potential of two remotely sensed moisture index products for predicting spring productivity, verified against a network of on-the-ground field sites in Texas. This proposal is directly related to the Water and Energy Cycle focus area of the NASA Science Mission Directorate through its integration of spring discharge data with high resolution imagery for monitoring and predicting groundwater discharge.

Karl Schmidt
Fairfield University
Behavioral and Neurobiological Impacts of Confinement

Confinement in restricting spaces, such as the environment during orbital and deep-space exploration, can be a source of stress with lasting impacts on behavior and neurobiology that extend beyond the stress exposure. This project will examine the effects of confinement stress on the behavioral and neurobiological effects of cocaine using rats and the potential for modulation with noradrenergic treatment. Rats will be administered clonidine or control prior to experiencing daily repeated confinement, repeated cocaine administration, or non-stressed control conditions. Subsequently, these rats will be challenged with cocaine and measured for sensitized locomotor responses. Behavioral sensitization responses (or in this case, cross-sensitization) are considered addiction-like phenotypes and would indicate confinement experience as increasing the risk for substance use disorders. Immediately following behavioral challenge, rats will be sacrificed and brains will be analyzed for drug-induced neuronal activity in regions known to regulate drug and stress responses. This project will be conducted with undergraduates receiving hands-on training in neuroscience.

Jessica Smith
Central Connecticut State University
Exploring the Evolution of Microbial Electron Transport in Geobacter Sulfurreducens

This research focuses on elucidating electron transfer mechanisms to insoluble Fe(III) oxide in Geobacter sulfurreducens, offering insights into early Earth's electron transport evolution. Previously, we engineered a strain of G. sulfurreducens with a simplistic pathway for electron transport at the extracellular surface. Building upon this work, the electron transport pathway in this strain will be further streamlined by removing redundant outer membrane cytochromes. Results will enhance our comprehension of Geobacter's electron transfer capabilities, aligning with NASA's Science Mission Directorate’s goal to understand life's evolution, relevant to the search for life elsewhere and the coevolution of microbial communities shaping geochemical cycles.

Xiaoli Yang
Fairfield University
Cognitive Workload Analysis via Deep Learning with Emotion Regulation and Virtual Reality for Aeronautics Safety Application

Physiological sensing plays a crucial role in Aeronautics applications, specifically in addressing challenges related to the assessment of cognitive workload during activities like aircraft piloting and cyber monitoring. Within the realm of artificial intelligence, machine learning, particularly in the analysis of physiological data like EEG, takes center stage. This study proposes that incorporating elements such as emotion regulation, virtual reality, and deep learning can enhance the accuracy of cognitive workload assessments. This aligns with NASA's Aeronautics Research Missions Directorate objectives.

Faculty/Student Research Grant

Brian Wells
University of Hartford
The University of Hartford Multiscale Metamaterial Undergraduate Student-Faculty Research Summer 2024

The proposed research project will be led by Professor Brian Wells at the Multiscale Metamaterial Research Laboratory of the University of Hartford. The project will consist of three overlapping areas of work. Firstly, we will develop and program an automated microwave optical research table. Secondly, we will design and fabricate out-of-plane beam steering devices. Lastly, we will investigate and design microwave and optical metalenses. The research being explored can significantly impact satellite communication, astronomy, and astrophysics, making it crucial for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD). The project is set to last eight weeks during the summer of 2024. It will include the participation of two undergraduate students, one from the University of Hartford and the other from a two-year Community College.

Faculty STEM Education Programming Grant

Amal Abdel Raouf
Southern Connecticut State University
2nd Women in Bioinformatics Workshop

This proposal aims to support a regional Women in Bioinformatics Workshop with female leading researchers in the field as invited speakers.  The goal is to encourage women faculty and students to engage in research in this male-dominated field, although the workshop is open to participation and attendance for all genders. This interdisciplinary field brings together researchers from computer science, data science, statistics, biology, and biochemistry.  This proposal’s theme fits under NASA’s Science Mission directorate, specifically the Gene Lab.  This grant will provide the seed support for collaboration leading to NSF and NIH future funding.

Philip Gee
CT Community College Norwalk
Norwalk STEM Science Fair

Provide a science fair for local high school students to present their research in the STEM fields and to give a chance to the Science Students (both current and former) a chance to see the research that is going on in different fields of STEM.

Edward Moran
Wesleyan University
The 2024 Sturm Memorial Lecture

The Sturm Memorial Lecture, hosted by the Astronomy Department at Wesleyan University, brings to campus a renowned astrophysicist for a public lecture that inspires an audience of hundreds from Wesleyan and communities in the greater Middletown area.  Our 2024 speaker develops instrumentation to directly image exoplanets and is a world leader in the study of both exoplanets and objects composed of “degenerate” matter: brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, and neutron stars.  Her work is thus closely aligned with the aims of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, which supports technology development and related scientific exploration through its Astrophysics Program Area.

Faculty Project

Mohammad Rahman
Central Conneecticut State University
Predicting Li-Ion Battery Performance Under Varying Conditions: A Student-Centric Investigation

This project centers on the pivotal role of lithium-ion power batteries in energy storage systems in various industries. The project will empower students with practical skills through hands-on experimentation, investigating how varying conditions, such as temperatures, affect Li-ion battery performance, key battery parameters, and measuring and analysis under variable conditions. Students will learn prognostic models for Li-Ion Batteries by leveraging NASA's extensive impedance dataset generated through temperature-variable charging and discharging experiments. These models hold promise in industries, aerospace, and renewable energy. The project unites theory and practice to advance knowledge and practical capabilities, making it invaluable in educational and industrial contexts.

Faculty Research

Rasmani Hazra
University of New Haven
Assessing the Role of a Novel Oncogenic lncRNA, LINC00461, in Glioma Progression

Radiation-induced genetic alteration is associated with high-grade gliomas in both space and terrestrial environments. The unique environmental factors in space can differentially express long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play an important role in glioma progression. We will characterize a newly identified lncRNA, LINC00461, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) compared to neural stem cells. We will assess how LINC00461 deletion affects GSC proliferation, migration, and stemness using various in vitro assays. Our findings will provide important insights into tumor progression and how lncRNAs, and LINC00461 in particular, could be exploited as a biomarker and /or therapeutic target.

Dan Liu
University of Hartford
Development of Interative Simulations of Human Body Integrating Augmented Reality

With Augmented Reality (AR) technology, the interactive simulations of the human body which we proposed to develop will provide in-time quantitative values of the forces on muscles and joints of different groups of people under various situations, including astronauts in space stations. The simulations function as an AR biomechanics analyzer will help the people be aware of the risk of injuries and give reference data for better gestures in body exercise. The simulations can also be implemented as a supplementary educational tool. Not only students majoring in Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation and Health Sciences will benefit from using it, but also students who are learning the concept of equilibrium in undergraduate interdisciplinary physics or biomechanics courses in general.

Chang Liu
University of Connecticut
Quantum Computation of Hydrodynamic Stability: From Aerospace to Convection in the Sun

Understanding the transition to turbulence of flow around a transport vehicle and convection in the Sun are both computationally expensive due to associated extreme parameters. Recent developments of variational quantum eigensolver have demonstrated quantum speed-up in certain applications, but it is limited to Hermitian matrices, which prevents its direct application in hydrodynamic stability problems. This project aims to adapt existing variational quantum eigensolver to non-Hermitian matrices suitable for hydrodynamic stability problems and explore the potential speed-up of quantum computation in exploring extreme parameter regimes of flow motivated from aerospace and astrophysics applications.

Sarah Maurer
Central Connecticut State University
The Role of Floating Islands on Ocean Worlds: Investigating Chemical Evolution in Vesicular Lava and Pumice

Pumice is a volcanic product that could serve as a surface for prebiotic chemistry on ocean worlds, including early Earth. We will model this novel environment by generating an organic mixture based off the composition of carbonaceous meteorites, and explore wet-dry cycles in the presence and absence of pumice. The products will be analyzed using LC-MS and functional assays be compared using principal component analysis, to demonstrate the role pumice can play in evolving chemical mixtures. This is directly relevant to understanding prebiotic evolution, and the abiotic background which is under the Exobiology program in the Science Mission Directorate.

Hashini Mohottala
University of Hartford
Deltoid Muscle Force Simulation and Prototype Verification

Understanding deltoid muscle mechanics is vital across human biomechanics, sports science, and rehabilitation. This STEM-driven study delves into the complexities of this pivotal muscle, essential for supporting shoulder stability and upper limb functionality. The primary objective of this inquiry is to help students enrolled in the Mechanics and Human Body course, mainly catering to students from majors in physical therapy and health sciences. This interdisciplinary pedagogical research intersects with NASA's mission to promote STEM education. It also contributes to our understanding of human physiology in the challenging environment of space, furthering the agency's overarching goals.

Sidike Paheding
Fairfield University
MARSLIDE: Mapping MARtian LandSLIDEs and Understanding their Morphological Characteristics Via Deep Learning and Multimodal Imagery

Geological history of Mars, transitioning from a water-bearing planet to a barren one, offers valuable insights into landscape evolution and past climate conditions. Traditional landslide studies rely on labor-intensive visual interpretation of medium to high-resolution optical images, which can be subjective and time-consuming. In contrast, deep learning-based automated landslide segmentation streamlines this process, reducing the need for extensive human labor and expertise in feature extraction. This research aims to employ deep learning for comprehensive Mars landslide mapping, unveiling spatial patterns and process mechanisms. This project aligns with NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate objectives, emphasizing its relevance.

Todd Ryder
Southern Connecticut State University
Multicomponent Reactions of Ketone Substrates

The Petasis reaction is a multicomponent process that combines an organoboronic acid, a carbonyl compound, and an amine to generate densely functionalized products in high yields under mild conditions. It is widely believed that multicomponent processes like the Petasis reaction played an important role in the generation of organic building blocks such as amino acids from simpler precursors on prebiotic Earth. Interestingly, nearly all the examples reported in the literature to date have focused on aldehyde substrates. We are interested in extending the scope of this reaction to more challenging ketone substrates, such as 2-hydroxyacetophenone and pyruvic acid.

David Shekhtman
Fairfield University
Parametric Study of (2+1)-Multiphoton Acetone Excitation for Nonintrusive Laser Diagnostics of High-speed Flow over Canonical Flight Geometries in Ground-Testing

Nonintrusive tagging diagnostics of high-speed flows in ground-test facilities are used for the pursuits of validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes and developing new fluid models to describe transitional and turbulent flow regions. Acetone is a tracer, with (1) an easily accessible excitation spectrum and (2) signal enhancement due to oxygen (225-320 nm). The (2+1)-multiphoton excitation of acetone has yet to be explored within the context of molecular tagging for ground testing purposes. This proposal wishes to conduct a parametric study of the variables involved in the excitation process, so as to maximize signal. This will include variation in pressure, acetone seeding concentration, contaminant concentration (O2 and H2O), laser intensity, laser polarization, and secondary laser excitation. Two-laser thermometry will also be attempted. The PI of the proposal requests $10,000 from the CT NASA Consortium to cover the cost of supplies, one graduate student, and a stipend. The total budget is $20,800. Research will take place between Dec. 1-June 1, with initial preparations beginning on Nov. 1.

Mohammad Reza Vaziri Sereshk
Central CT State University
Exploring New Geometries for Improving Energy Absorption Mission of Lightweight Meta-Structures

Energy absorption capability of lattice structures benefits protective devices and packaging applications. Application of metallic lattices as the blast-absorber for military armor vehicles in the event of land-mine blast is the most recent one. However, these types of lightweight structures can be used in space mission as the impact-absorber in the event of crash of the space flying objects with the satellites or space station, as well as secure and safe landing of NASA capsule once it hits the ground. In this study, the current technologies for 3D-printing of delicate lattices from polymer are examined and 3D-printing manufacturability is discussed. Then, some innovative geometries are proposed for the structure to improve energy absorption of lattices. Particular attention will be devoted to plateau behavior of corresponding characteristic diagrams.

Song Wang
University of Hartford
Accelerated Construction and Rehabilitation Using Prefabricated Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Laminates

In the pursuit of developing human exploration systems and architectures for lunar and Martian missions, the proposed project delves into the potential of utilizing prefabricated ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as innovative construction materials for space habitats, aligning seamlessly with NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate (ESDMD) objectives. With a specific focus on repairing corroded steel beams, the project explores optimal construction methods employing prefabricated UHPC block and externally bonded FRP laminates. Extensive mechanical tests will be conducted on both undamaged steel beams and those rehabilitated using prefabricated UHPC and FRP, assessing the recovered strength and deformation capacity. By enhancing the structural integrity, durability, and safety of space infrastructures, this initiative directly addresses ESDMD's concerns in the realm of human exploration system development.

Sumith Yesudasan Daisy
University of New Haven
Testing Passive Radiative Cooling for Spacecraft Thermal Protection

This research, "Testing Passive Radiative Cooling for Spacecraft Thermal Protection," explores passive daytime radiative cooling, aiming to enhance spacecraft thermal defense. Inspired by Earth-based cooling surfaces, the study adapts this technique for spacecraft facing extreme orbital temperatures. The experiment employs multilayered films of Vanadium dioxide, Silicon dioxide, and Silver. Using a specialized acrylic chamber, we will investigate Vanadium dioxide's cooling efficiency. Unique methodologies involve suspending samples to reduce heat dissipation and using a vacuum for minimized convective and conductive losses. Integrated with advanced instrumentation, our findings align with NASA's objectives, potentially transforming cooling strategies for future spacecraft.

Faculty STEM Education Programming Grant

Brianna Kirk
Central CT State University
Exploring the World to Ease the Mind: Studying the Impact of Science Education and Camping Experience on Science Anxiety Reduction

Numerous research studies have examined math and science anxiety amongst college students. (See, for example, Ashcraft, 2002, Bryant et al., 2013, England et al, 2019, and Cooper et al., 2023.) The proposed project will have university faculty introduce incoming first-year students to science in an informal, collaborative, and non-academic overnight camp environment. Additionally, peer counselors with majors in the sciences will demystify science and address students’ concerns while creating a community of science learners. Pre and post-tests will demonstrate the utility of the approach for lessening first-year students’ anxiety and improving students’ attitudes and perceptions of the sciences.

Lin Lin
Middlesex Community College
Adventures in Learning STEM GEMS CAMP 2024

Adventures in Learning STEM GEMS Camp seeks to get children excited about learning by presenting opportunities to learn about science, technology, engineering, and math in creative and innovative ways. Campers learn about the marvels of science through scientific experiments, experience computer technology, learn the wonders of math, and the value of engineering. Each year we take children on expeditions around the City of Middletown to discover STEM GEMS (Great Educational Middletown Sites) and learn how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics impact our lives every day. We also bring industry professionals and experts to them to provide impactful exposure to careers in STEM.

Fatma Pakdil
Eastern Connecticut State University
Collaborative Research: Research Experiences for High School Students in Big Data Analytics in Healthcare

There is a shortage of high school students who intend to pursue a career in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). To support NASA’s mission directorates that aim to increase interest in STEM among students, this proposal aims to perform a research institute at Eastern Connecticut State University for high school students to increase awareness of STEM fields. Participant will 1) be encouraged to pursue STEM careers, 2) develop an awareness of STEM fields, and 3) learn how to use big data analytics in STEM fields.

Meng-Ju Sher
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan Girls in Science Summer Camp

Female faculty members from Wesleyan’s natural science and mathematics, in partnership with Middletown Public Schools, run a one-week “Girls in Science Summer Camp” for underserved elementary school girls from Middletown, CT, and the surrounding communities. The camp is designed to reveal to 32 girls, 9-12 years old the science that surrounds them in their daily lives, while also exposing them to (1) scientific concepts and vocabulary, (2) equipment and experiments, and (3) female scientist role models, including both faculty and female Wesleyan science students. Campers explore scientific topics ranging from neural activity and renewable energy to biochemistry through hands-on activities and science-inspired art projects.

Faculty STEM Education Research Grant

Cindy Thomas-Charles
University of Hartford
Active Learning and Student-Driven Study Guides: Elevating Self-Efficacy and Metacognition in Biology Education for Tomorrow’s Space Scientists

Active learning pedagogical strategies have been proven to effectively enhance student engagement, motivation, and performance. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of active learning and student-developed study guides in promoting student self-efficacy and metacognition. We will be using the Metacognition Awareness Inventory (1) to gather self-reported self-efficacy and metacognition data, which will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of these strategies. Developing critical-thinking skills early on is essential and applicable not just within the classroom but beyond it as well. It is, therefore, imperative to improve metacognitive awareness and self-efficacy as this can contribute significantly to the development of a high-performing scientific workforce

Jacob Werblow
Central CT State University
Developing an Evaluation tool to Measure STEM Best Practices through NASA Astro Camp Teacher Professional Development

For the past five years, the CT STEM Academy has provided teacher training as well as enrichment programs for historically underserved youth across central Connecticut. The NASA Astro Camp Teacher Certification is one such training, which gives classroom teachers and aspiring educators the chance to learn how to inspire youth to learn about space with NASA unique activities. Although over twenty CT educators have participated in the NASA Astro Camp, an external evaluation to measure the effectiveness of the Camp has not yet been conducted. This grant will allow us to conduct an external evaluation of the Camp pilot.

Faculty Travel Grant

Azmain Nisak
Wesleyan University
Travel to the 243rd American Astronomical Society conference in New Orleans, Louisiana

I am requesting funds to support travel to the 243rd American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting, the largest regularly held conference in the astronomical sciences worldwide and the largest gathering of local interstellar medium (LISM) experts. My research, funded by NASA HST Grant GO-16225, helps to map out and refine the structure of the LISM. At the conference, I will have the opportunity to present my research findings, meet and discuss with coauthors, form new collaborations and networks with NASA scientists, and develop my skills in research, education, and outreach as an aspiring NASA scientist and educator.

Faculty-Student Summer Research Grant

Tom Filburn
University of New Haven
NASA Life Support Primer Update

This project is intended to update a life support training primer and class that was created in 2007 for NASA’s Exploration System Mission Directorate. The training extended for 3 days with a focus on systems and materials required to support crewed exploration vehicles and habitats. The ultimate product was a 3 day seminar that covered Vehicle Thermal Control and Crew Comfort (Day 1), Air Revitalization (Day 2), and Water Reclamation (Day 3). This project will provide an update to sections 1 and 2 (Thermal Control, Air Revitalization) of that training primer. Dr Tom Filburn will lead a team of two undergraduate researchers to enhance those topical sections of the 2007 primer.

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
Robotic Deburring and Blending of Aerospace Parts Based on 3D Vision and Differential Geometry

This project will contribute to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate. The goal of the research is to use differential geometric method and 3D vision in path planning and motion planning to improve current robotic deburring and blending of aerospace parts. The shape operator of a surface does not only provide the mean curvature of the surface (its trace), the Gauss curvature (its determinant), but also the radius of the circle that best fit the curve generated by intersecting the surfaces. The project will use properties of the shape operator to find an analytical formula/algorithm for deburring and blending.

Brian Wells
University of Hartford
The University of Hartford Multiscale Metamaterial Undergraduate Student-Faculty Research Summer 2023

This research will be conducted with Professor Brian Wells at the University of Hartford Multiscale Metamaterial Research Laboratory, focusing on fabricating and characterizing multiscale metamaterial designs with a particular focus on application in satellite communication, astronomy, and astrophysics. This project is significant for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD). The work will include two undergraduate students, one from the University of Hartford and the other from a two-year Community College, and will span eight weeks during the Summer of 2023. The available projects will include (1) investigating and developing multiscale metamaterial beam steering technologies for application in satellite communications and (2) designing and fabricating high-index 3D-Printed Metamaterial compact flat lenses for application in broad-band microwave imaging.

Faculty STEM Education Programming Grant

Marco Bonett-Matiz
University of Bridgeport
Summer Math Preparation Workshop for Underrepresented STEM Students

UB School of Engineering incoming freshmen typically place in MATH 103 Introduction to College Algebra or MATH 106 College Algebra (versus MATH 109 Pre-Calculus or MATH 110 Calculus). This generally positions the student at least a year behind in their engineering courses leading to a longer timeframe to graduation, education costs and often retention loss. A virtual math-focused summer preparation workshop with an on-campus residential component will be conducted to support 25 incoming underrepresented freshmen STEM students with on campus accommodation for up to four students. The project aligns with all mission directorates, but most closely the Science Mission Directorate.

Philip Gee
Norwalk Community College
Norwalk STEM Science Fair

Hold a STEM Fair at Norwalk Community College. High School students will present the research they have conducted to panels of judges to demonstrate the Scientific Method and what they learned from the findings/research.

Meng-Ju Sher
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan Girls in Science Summer Camp

Female faculty members from Wesleyan’s natural science and mathematics, in partnership with Middletown Public Schools, run a one-week “Girls in Science Summer Camp” for underserved elementary school girls from Middletown, CT, and surrounding communities. The camp is designed to reveal to 32 girls, 9-12 years old, the science that surrounds them in their daily lives, while also giving them exposure to (1) scientific concepts and vocabulary, (2) equipment and experiments, and (3) female scientist role models, including both faculty and female Wesleyan science students. Campers explore science topics ranging from neural activity, renewable energy, to biochemistry through hands-on activities and science-inspired art projects.

Faculty STEM Education Research Grant

Candice Etson
Wesleyan University
Supporting Spatial Thinking to Improve Physics Learning

Our goal is to help build the diverse and skilled workforce our nation needs by removing barriers to student success in introductory physics. We aim to do this by developing online tutorials that use computer simulations students can manipulate and explore on screen to help them learn about the behavior and relationships between electric and magnetic fields. Preliminary data suggests this approach can benefit all students, but especially women, with weaker spatial reasoning skills more than tutorials without simulations. As we pilot additional tutorials, we expect to learn more about the factors that impact how students learn physics.

Faculty Project Grant

Mihai Duduta
University of Connecticut
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators as Solid State Grippers for Space Application

Soft robots offer new solutions for longstanding challenges in Robotics, particularly operation in unstructured environments. The proposed research aims to develop and evaluate soft robotic grippers based on dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Operating as completely solid state devices, DEA grippers can provide the operator rich information on gripping parameters through embedded proprioception. The project will support a student in demonstrating a four digit gripper that can be deployed from a confined space, and withstand low pressure and damaging radiation, in a controlled laboratory environment.

Faculty Research Grant

Danushka Bandara
Fairfield University
Memory Retrieval Under Stress

This project aims to explore the effect of stress on memory retrieval in simulated virtual environments. Since astronauts face high-risk situations such as extravehicular activities, they are constantly exposed to stress, affecting their memory retrieval. This project will quantify the effect of stress on memory retrieval in simulated 3D environments and the effect of various factors on memory retrieval (timing of stress, sensory modality, and emotion). This interdisciplinary project will move the study of memory forward as well as train students on human subject experiments and analysis of physiological data. This project supports NASA space operations mission directorate's human research program and NASA Exploration systems development mission directorate's Extravehicular (xEVA) and Human Surface Mobility program.

Djedjiga Belfadel
Fairfield University
Autonomous Drone Swarm Navigation in a GPS denied Environment

This project aims to provide an alternative navigation system to enable a swarm of drones to conduct autonomous missions in a Global Positioning System (GPS) denied environment. To achieve this goal, we propose a relative navigation system, using an extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to fuse the observation from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and the range sensor. This methodology uses two waveforms to achieve a secure and high communication data rate using a low-cost beam-switching phased array. This system thus enables drone operations even in GPS- denied environments. This cost-effective solution aligns with NASA's Space Technology strategic enterprise.

Chandranil Charkraborttii
Trinity College
Analyzing Anomalies from Solar Observations to Detect, Predict and Interpret New and Existing Solar Phenomena

This research will analyze observations from multiple NASA’s solar observatory missions to find, explain and predict anomalies in solar observations. Leveraging the time series nature of data, we will use unsupervised machine learning techniques to detect anomalies. Using cluster analysis techniques, the flagged anomalies will be correlated with existing phenomena for future prediction of these events and to find new potential solar phenomena. Automated interpretation will be performed to generate reasons why the model flagged certain observations as anomalies. The project will promote scientific understanding of solar effects on Earth and the interplanetary environment in accordance with Science Mission Directorate.

Kehan Gao
Eastern Connecticut State University
Exploring the Potential of Deep Learning for Mars Image Classification and Analysis

Deep Learning (DL), which uses multiple layers of artificial neural networks to learn and process information, has achieved breakthroughs in a wide range of applications, including image recognition. In this project, we will apply three DL convolution neural network models to classify two NASA image datasets: MSLNet and HiRISENet, featuring Mars surface and Mars orbital images, respectively. Undergraduate students participating in the project will gain valuable research experience in the fascinating field of Mars image classification. By applying state-of-the-art image classification approaches, the project aims to produce valuable research outcomes that will be published and shared with data science classes.

Yuriy Garbovskiy
Central Connecticut State University
Controlling Ions in Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials Tailored to Space Applications

Electrically driven liquid crystals have the potential to revolutionize existing and emerging technologies critical to space exploration, space imaging, space communication, and space navigation. Because the electric field induced effects can be altered by ions typically present in liquid crystal in minute quantities, the control over ions in liquid crystal materials is essential for the development of advanced space applications. This project related to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate and Science Mission Directorate focuses on the development of new approaches to control ions in liquid crystals by utilizing ion-capturing and ion-releasing nanomaterials and thin films.

Huan Gu
University of New Haven
Evaluating the Impact of Microgravity on the Virulence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and part of astronauts’ skin microbiome that constantly mutates in response to environmental changes. The extreme gravitational forces (g-forces) during space traveling could alter S. aureus’s activities and astronauts’ skin such as thinning, providing opportunities for multi-antibiotic resistant skin infections. However, how the change in g-forces affects S. aureus’s activities, specifically, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility, remains unknown. In this project, we developed a new method to rigorously control g-force and evaluate its effects on S. aureus’s activities, enabling the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat mediated infections during space traveling.

Shivanjali Khare
University of New Haven
Channel Anomaly Prediction with Multi-granularity Fusion and GRUs

This proposal presents an approach for improving anomaly prediction in large telemetry datasets generated by NASA missions. The proposed method combines a multi-granularity encoder-decoder-based fusion network with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) based anomaly prediction model to identify complex spatiotemporal patterns, correlate anomalies across different channels and granularities, and reduce false positives. The resulting approach aims to minimize the risks associated with spacecraft operations and increase mission success. This research is significant to NASA's mission directorates as it provides an innovative and effective way to improve anomaly detection and reduce false positives, thereby enhancing mission safety, reliability, and efficiency.

Anna Kloc
University of New Haven
Epigenetic Analysis of Chromatin Modifications in Human Heart Tissues Affected by Epstein-Barr Virus

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, is a condition most often associated with a viral infection. Such inflammation can have devastating consequences on cardiac function, yet it can be challenging to diagnose due to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Epstein-Barr virus is often reactivated in astronauts during space travels, and it has also been implicated in heart disease. However, despite the association between viral infection and heart disease, the molecular networks that guide disease progression and outcomes are not fully understood. This research project will elucidate how viral infection in the heart is regulated on an epigenetic level, with emphasis on histone modifications. This analysis will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus induced pathology.

Yingcui Li
University of Hartford
Novel Method to Study Bone Loss Cellular Mechanism Using Computer Controlled Image Analysis from High-Throughput, Multi-Image Cryohistology on Growth Plates

During space missions lasting six months or longer, astronauts can experience bone loss equivalent to two decades of aging. and they only recovered about half of that loss after one year back on Earth. This bone loss may not completely be recovered even years after returned to earth (1). Bone loss would cause bones to become brittle and likely to fracture (break), resulting in osteoporosis, or weak bones. Bone loss therefore poses a great danger to astronauts’ health and their ability to carry out basic functions during space travel and after returning to earth and it is a significant and unresolved health risk.

Our bodies have a natural cycle for removing old bone cells and rebuilding new bone cells. The balance of bone formation and bone turnover (bone loss) needs to be maintained so that bone structure and density are stable. Bone undergoes continuous cycles of modeling and remodeling (2, 3). With advancing age, at the cellular level, the amount of bone resorbed by osteoclasts (bone removing cells) is not fully restored with bone deposited by osteoblasts (bone forming cells) and this imbalance leads to net bone loss. Thus, aging and osteoporosis are intimately linked. After age 50, human start losing bone faster than our body can build it. In fact, due to this accelerated process of bone loss, women can lose up to 20% of their bone density within 5 to 7 years following menopause (4). Many other risk factors have been linked to bone loss such as diet lacking calcium, family history of osteoporosis, limited mobility, and long-term space travel under low or micro gravity (4, 5).

The underlying molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis are believed to be the increased activity of osteoclasts, decreased activity of osteoblasts, or a combination of both, which lead to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process with accelerated bone resorption and attenuated bone formation. There is an urgent need to fill the gap of a direct measurement of the rate of bone formation and turnover to understand the cellular mechanism of this process. In this study a novel method is developed using laboratory mice and in vivo vital mineral injections to a) measure the rate of bone formation b) measure the rate of bone turnover c) identify cell types in order to detect anomalies during this process. Using computer-controlled image analysis quantitative study of bone formation and turnover process at the cellular level can be achieved for the first time. This is significant because with the result of this study we will learn for the first time the detailed cellular mechanism of bone loss, and this may provide valuable insight into new preventive and treatment methods to this condition.

Solaleh Miar
University of Hartford
Interdisciplinary Student Engagements in the Development of a Novel Preventive Approach with the Potential to Mitigate Space-Induced Muscle Atrophy

Muscle atrophy in astronauts is a life-threatening condition during spaceflights. In this proposal, we aim to design a modulated drug delivery system to provide biochemical and electrical cues to eliminate muscle loss and promote muscle function. This novel research focuses on the development of an electrosensitive drug delivery system capable of releasing Myostatin Inhibitors (chemical cue) paired with external stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy with the application of muscle loss prevention in astronauts. To evaluate the efficiency of the designed system, the impact of the combination of chemical and electrical stimuli on muscle volume and function will be studied in-vitro.

Cameron Oden
University of New Haven
Degradation of PPCPs Using Metal Oxides Native to Martian Soil

Access to clean water is a challenge for NASA’s space exploration missions. Current technologies rely on membrane filtration and adsorbents to generate potable water. Planetary exploration missions, however, will require water treatment technologies that are not dependent on consumables. The Martian surface has an abundance of metal oxides, including iron, manganese, and titanium oxides, that could potentially be used to degrade water contaminants. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the use of metal oxides native to the Martian surface for the photocatalytic and thermocatalytic degradation of aqueous contaminants resulting from pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

Hao Sun
University of New Haven
Design of NIR-Induced Self-Healing Polymer/Polydopamine Composite Materials with Radiation Resistance

Self-healing polymer materials that can autonomously repair their physical damages are highly desired for various applications in biomedical devices, electronics, and aerospace. However, the lifetime of self-healing polymers would be significantly compromised by high frequency ionizing radiation such as gamma and X-rays. In the proposed research, we aim to develop polymer/polydopamine nanocomposite-based self-healing materials which not only can repair themselves, but also resist ionizing radiation. We envision that this study will present the next-generation polymer materials for NASA’s space-related applications by constructing self-healing spacecrafts, and protecting astronauts from cosmic radiation during the space exploration.

Sriharsha Sundarram
Fairfield University
Innovative Thermal Protection Systems for Space Vehicles based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Polymer Nanocomposite Structures

The goal of this project is to explore innovative ablative thermal protection systems for space vehicles through the fabrication of flexible polymer nanocomposites with triply periodic minimal surface architectures. A fabrication approach using 3D printing is employed to manufacture custom designed lightweight conformal structures that serve not only as thermal protection system but also offer load bearing capabilities. The thermal and mechanical properties of these structures will be characterized. This project ties in directly with the Space Operations Mission Directorate which has identified conformal ablative thermal protection systems as one of the technology area relevant to the agency’s mission.

Faculty Project Grant

Xin Shen
University of Hartford
Multidimensional Light Field Imaging and Visualization

This project is focus on the multidimensional light field sensing and visualization technologies. We plan to integrate and extend light field imaging into higher-dimensions which contains the spacial, temporal and polarimetric information. Signal processing approaches and algorithms will to be investigated for computational reconstruction and optical display. Light field based multidimensional information extraction, reconstruction and visualization can enhance users’ knowledge of the observation. This project aims to provide opportunities for undergraduate student involvement on early research and education in optics and photonic. It has a close relevance to areas of interest of NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD).

Brian Wells
University of Hartford
Development and Fabrication of Conductive Filaments in 3D Printing for Design of Multiscale Metamaterial Devices for Space Communication and Imaging

Metamaterials, light manipulating synthetic materials not found in nature, have the potential to produce revolutionary effects in space communication and imaging. Both of these are of the utmost importance in NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD). A persistent obstacle in their realization is fabrication and production. In this project, we propose to develop, produce, and test a variety of new conductive and semi-conductive filaments that can be implemented into 3D printing technologies. These filaments will then be used to fabricate two theoretically novel imaging and communication metamaterial devices, an angle-independent Salisbury screen and a band-pass optical filter.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Susan Freudzon
Fairfield University
Biomedical STEM Outreach in Bridgeport, CT

Dr. Susan Freudzon seeks funding to support a STEM afterschool program at the Wakeman Boys and Girls Club in Bridgeport, CT. This program seeks to engage approximately 15 middle-school students from under-represented backgrounds through innovative hands-on STEM curriculum delivered by Fairfield University undergraduate students. Students will learn about the engineering design process, experimental design and analysis using Biomedical Engineering themed activities. The aim is to increase confidence and curiosity about STEM subjects and to inspire them to pursue engineering education and careers. The program concludes with a tour the Fairfield University engineering labs, machine shop, and 3D printing center.

Peter Kootsookos
Middlesex Community College
CT Public Library Middle School Robotics Workshops

CT Public Library Robotics Workshops promotes robotics by presenting workshops at interested Connecticut public libraries. The target audience are middle schoolers but the workshop is accessible to anyone capable of learning to program in Scratch.  The workshop builds a robot line-follower in three stages: sensing the line, moving the robot, and connecting the two to follow the line.  The applicants prototyped the workshops during summer of 2022 at the Ledyard and Willimantic public libraries. However, we have received interest from more libraries and wish to scale the program by involving student helpers from our three institutions or any others interested.

Lin Lin
Middlesex Community College
Adventures in Learning STEM Gems Camp 2023

Adventures in Learning STEM Camp seeks to get children excited about learning by presenting opportunities to learn about science, technology, engineering, and math in creative and innovative ways. Campers learn about the marvels of science through scientific experiments, experience computer technology, learn the wonders of math, and the value of engineering. This year our camp will take on a newly adopted format. We will take children on expeditions around the City of Middletown to discover STEM GEMS (Great Educational Middletown Sites) and learn how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics impact our lives every day. After spending years behind a screen in virtual classes, the children will be able to enjoy time outdoors and it will be a welcome change.

Fatma Pakdil
Eastern Connecticut State University
Collaborative Research: Research Experiences for High School Students in Big Data Analytics in Healthcare

There is a shortage of high school students who intend to pursue a career in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). To support NASA’s mission directorates that aim to increase interest in STEM among students, this proposal aims to perform a research institute at Eastern Connecticut State University for high school students to increase awareness of STEM fields. Participant will 1) be encouraged to pursue STEM careers, 2) develop an awareness of STEM fields, and 3) learn how to use big data analytics in STEM fields.

Faculty Research Grant

Pierre Christian
Fairfield University
Black Holes in Virtual Reality

This project proposes to create a virtual reality (VR) environment that mimics real life black holes with computer simulations. The VR environment will accurately simulate the trajectories of objects hurled towards the black hole, and will be directly controlled with VR motion controls. The resulting VR environment will not only be beneficial for pedagogical purposes, but also be accurate enough to be utilized for professional black hole research. By removing the barrier of entry for researchers to utilize black hole numerical simulation codes in their research, this project is relevant to the Astrophysics Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate.

Omar Faruk Emon
University of New Haven
3D Printing of Functional Polymers for Sensing Applications

Additive manufacturing could be employed to realize need-specific electronics. The goal of this project is to develop a 3D printing solution (system and materials) for fabricating polymer-based flexible sensors. The standard sensors come with predefined geometries, mechanical properties, and sensitive ranges. Commercial 3D printers generally do not support functional polymers for electronics and, more importantly, customization in materials to vary the specifications. This research will provide a pathway to “make what is needed” instead of “work with what is available”. Therefore, it is believed to be crucial for NASA’s space-related applications by enabling on-demand fabrication, adjustment, and repair of electronics.

Scott Graves
Southern Connecticut State University
Osprey’s view of a Curious Natural Perched Beach, Guilford, CT – µUAS Aerial Mapping

The “Osprey’s view of a Curious Natural Perched Beach” project combines low altitude small Unmanned Aerial Systems (μUAS) mapping with traditional on-ground Transit Surveys to produce high-resolution geo-referenced orthomosaic image/maps and 3D landform visualizations of an important, yet previously unexplained, natural perched beach in a suburban setting that appears to be in continual landward migration driven by storm surge over wash events. The project activities are in line with NASA’s strategic goals including use of Remote Sensing and Earth Observations to enhance our understanding of the environment while providing information that helps in planning and stewardship of the coastal environment.

Naser Haghbin
Fairfield University
Developing a Human Blood Vessel using 3D Bioprinting and Cell Culturing techniques

3D bioprinting technology will have an essential role in the future of NASA space missions to print human tissues for the health of astronauts. This research will design and fabricate a blood vessel that produces a volumetric flow rate. We develop a 3D CAD model in a cylinder, which acts as a mold. Then, the bioink and cells mixture is 3D printed inside the cylinder mold and a spherical mold. We will then use microscopy to examine the growth of cells in the blood vessel’s muscular and vascular layer.

Kristine Horvat
University of New Haven
Exploring Oxygen and Fuel Options for Mars Using Different Algae Growth Conditions

Mars exploration is necessary to determine its hospitality to human living. As a result, many challenges must be overcome, including determining ways to produce oxygen and fuel, which are important to the Space Technology Mission Directorate. In this study, Chlorella algae will be grown under different pressure, temperature, and gas-phase composition conditions. The monitoring of the gas-phase composition and algae volume over time will help determine the oxygen production rate, algae growth rate, and ability to produce oil under varying conditions. Results will provide evidence to the feasibility of growing Chlorella on Mars as an oxygen and fuel source.

Goli Nossoni
University of New Haven
Moonglomerete for Construction on the Moon

In the past years, most researches in NASA and elsewhere focused on making a type of geopolymer concrete for moon construction with a different binder than cement paste due to the lack of water and cement on the moon. The goal was that the new concrete should be placed using the new technology of 3D printing. However, researchers are still trying to discover a feasible binder. Even a small amount of binder transported from earth may costs millions of dollars. Since the focus was on finding this binder, researchers tried to implement the proposed solution of 3D printing some sort of non-hydraulic Portland cement concrete rather than addressing the basic problem statement. The problem statement is “construction materials on the moon with integrous material with minimum transportation from earth.” The proposed research plans to construct bricks from moon materials and energy generated on the moon with no need of any materials from earth. Instead of being 3D printed, the bricks will be made using a robotic manufacturing process. The new material uses for manufacturing bricks is called Moonglomerete, which solely uses rocks already present on the moon. Although the proposed material is very different than concrete, it still can be classified a sort of “mooncrete” where larger lighter colored moon rocks (anorthosite) will be embedded in a binder made from smaller darker rocks (basalt) that are molten to form bricks. The structure of these bricks are compatible with conglomerate rocks on earth. Basalt has a lower melting point than anorthosite. The energy required to melt dust particles of basalt will be supplied using relatively small Fresnel lenses. The temperature at the focal points of the lenses can reach more then 2000°C on the earth, which can melt most rocks in less than a minute.

Rahul Singhal
Central Connecticut State University
Synthesis and characterization of MnCuO and rGO/MnCuO materials for supercapacitor applications.

We will synthesize and characterize the materials for supercapacitors to store high specific energy. The proposed work is related to NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). We will synthesize MnCuO and rGO/MnCuO by hydrothermal method at various temperature. The synthesized materials will then be physically characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical characterizations such as cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, rate performances, and cycleability will be carried out in a three electrode system using the electrodes of the synthesized materials, Pt. foil, Ag/AgCl as working, counter, and reference electrodes, respectively.

Qian Yang
University of Connecticut
Predicting Melting Point of Eutectic Mixtures with Graph Neural Networks

Molten salt mixtures are promising candidates for use as electrolytes in new battery technologies, with applications ranging from space vehicles in harsh environments such as Venus to electric-powered aircraft. Prediction of the eutectic melting points for these materials is a key technical challenge. We propose utilizing graph neural networks to train data-driven models for prediction of eutectic melting temperatures. We will curate a benchmark dataset by combining a large database of molten salt eutectics with structural and other feature information. A fast machine learning model would pave the way for future high-throughput screening of eutectic mixtures for battery design.

Guoan Zheng
University of Connecticut
Miniaturized optofluidic ptychography for terrestrial and astrobiological research

We aim to develop a miniaturized optofluidic ptychography platform for the search of micron-size organisms and crystals in perennial springs in Peyto Lake in Banff National Park. The remarkable simplicity of the proposed device allows the construction of high-resolution microscopes that can detect and capture the behavior of microscopic organisms and microparticles in difficult terrestrial environments. The possibility for designs that have low weight and that can survive vibrations and shocks encountered during rocket launch as well as landing on a destination moon or planet makes the proposed device a particularly strong candidate for space mission and astrobiological studies.

Faculty Project Grant

Barbara Murdoch
Eastern Connecticut State University
Publishing undergraduate research in peer-reviewed journals

This project seeks to fund the cost of publishing two research manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals, each the result of undergraduate research and previously funded by research grants from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium. Publication of our novel results will disseminate our findings to national and international audiences and demonstrate the exceptional research capacity of undergraduate researchers. Our research explores the diversity and antibiotic production of the scorpion microbiome and has implications for NASA’s directorate of Human Exploration, that requires having the knowledge of microbial diversity and antibiotic arsenal required to eradicate bacterial infections, in space and on earth.

Faculty STEM Ed Programming

Donna Hylton
Middlesex Community College
Adventures in Learning STEM GEMS Camp

Adventures in Learning STEM Camp seeks to get children excited about learning by presenting opportunities to learn about science, technology, engineering, and math in creative and innovative ways. Campers learn about the marvels of science through scientific experiments, experience computer technology, learn the wonders of math, and the value of engineering. This year our camp will once again take on our newly adopted format. We will take children on expeditions around the City of Middletown to discover STEM GEMS (Great Educational Middletown Sites) and learn how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics impact our lives every day. After spending years behind a screen in virtual classes, the children will enjoy time outdoor and visiting STEM locations.

Faculty STEM Ed Research

John Drazan
Fairfield University
Expanding Access to Informal STEM Enrichment Through Sports

We seek to evaluate the efficacy of using sports as a venue for informal STEM enrichment among underrepresented youth. We will host a one-week summer research experience at Fairfield University for 16 high school students. There will be two parallel programs, one focused on traditional engineering research and one focused biomechanics in sports. We will compare the demographics, starting STEM interest, and ending STEM interest of participants in both programs. We hypothesize that sports biomechanics research will engage a more diverse set of students with lower starting STEM interest relative to the traditional engineering research program.

Faculty-Student Summer Research

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
In-Space Robotic Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing through Robotic Teleoperation and Just-In-Time Data

This research will contribute to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate. The goal of the research is to develop an intelligent remote-control system for robots to conduct in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing operations using virtual reality and augmented reality to get control commands from the user and allow the user to visualize just-in-time data analytic and real-time video feed of the operation site. Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IOT) will be used to acquire, store, and process the data from multiple sensors at the operation site. Deep learning will be used to build AI models for intelligent human-robot interfaces.

High Altitude Ballooning/Cubesat (HAB/C)

Chong Qiu
University of New Haven
High-altitude Ballooning with Portable Ozone Monitors in Preparation for Stratospheric Ozone Measurements during the 2023 Solar Eclipse

An interdisciplinary team of engineering seniors will select a portable ozone monitor for both ground and stratospheric ozone monitoring. The team will build a proper housing for the ground ozone measurements. The team will also build necessary power and data transmission accessories for the ozone monitor in order to assemble a complete payload of a high-altitude balloon for stratospheric ozone measurements. The engineering solutions in this project will be used for stratospheric ozone measurements during the 2023 solar eclipse. The project’s objectives are well-aligned with the atmospheric science and planetary science missions of the NASA Science Mission Directorate.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Akin Tatoglu
University of Hartford
Investigating and Improving Interdisciplinary Communication Skills for STEM Students in a Peer Supported Project Environment

One of the core values of NASA is teamwork across multiple disciplines. Specifically, the future workforce need in STEM has a very high demand on interdisciplinary communication skills and teamwork. An interdisciplinary approach can enhance students’ learning ability and better model STEM processes in the real world. Serving to build a base for creating an experience that interconnects multiple disciplines within STEM, the specific goal of this project is to bring in engineering and biology students together, using real-world situations to investigate innovative ideas and to further improve interdisciplinary communication skills for STEM students in a peer supported project environment.

Faculty Research Grants

Sahar Al Seesi
Southern Connecticut State University
Gene Allele-Specific Expression (ASE) Estimation from Bulk and Single Cell RNA-Seq Data

Gene allele specific expression estimation is an interesting computational biology problem that answers the question of whether the paternal, the maternal, or both copies of an inherited gene are expressed (active) in a your body. This question is asked by many biologists, but the computational methods to address it are still not good enough to accurately give an answer. In this research project, we propose computational solution to address this problem using transcriptomic sequencing data. The project aligns with the mission of NASA’s gene lab, under the Human Exploration Mission Directorate, which focuses with mutli-omics (including transcriptomic) data-driven research.

Ali Bazzi
University of Connecticut
High-availability Energy Systems for Space Colonies

Space colonies have recently become of higher interest recently to explore new resources away from Earth. The main goal of this project is to significantly increase the availability of electrical energy systems in future space colonies during unexpected failures or events, thus enhancing the energy security of such colonies. The proposed research provides a framework and specific solutions where prediction, diagnostic, and fault-recovery methods, combined with enhanced microgrid architectures, will enable a more secure electrical energy supply for future space colonies. Future colonies will require a reliable and available power supply for many critical systems. Transformative approaches proposed here can provide relevant solutions. These include rapid fault prediction and diagnosis of system- and component-level faults in a colony’s electrical energy system, which is to be treated as an islanded microgrid; and utilization of unused power distribution and conversion capacity in available infrastructure to maximize the system’s available energy under faults and uncertain events.

Ruth Blake
Yale University
Extreme PO₄ Biosignatures: Testing the Thermal Limits of the δ18O-PO₄ Biomarker at Hydrothermal Conditions

The PO₄ oxygen-isotope composition of DNA from biomolecules/biomass can serve as an internal thermometer and biosignature to study in-situ habitats of microorganisms from unknown and remote sources on Earth and on ocean-bearing worlds in our solar system. However, an offset in δ¹⁸O fractionations was observed for (hyper)thermophiles, at temperatures greater than 70°C, making the application of DNA thermometry problematic for extreme hydrothermal conditions. To fully understand the mechanism of fractionation of internal PO₄ pools, we propose to test the hypothesis that the offset is due to intracellular fractionation caused by production of PO₄-rich compatible solutes that are enriched in δ¹⁸O.

Dana Casetti
Southern Connecticut State University
Point Spread Function Modelling of WFPC2/HST Images with Deep Learning

This project will explore a novel way of achieving high-precision astrometry using deep learning techniques. We will work with WFPC2/HST images which are severely undersampled. The astrometric precision of these images is limited as a ”pixel-phase” bias is present even in the best, state-of-the art classical centering algorithms. We have identified an ideal and unique data set in the WFPC2 archive to explore and implement this deep-learning technique. The project has great synergy with existing research at SCSU and at Space Telescope Science Institute, and it involves two science departments at SCSU.

Byungik Chang
University of New Haven
Analysis of Energy Saving Wind Tower Erection on Mars

The main source of energy on Mars exploration missions is solar panels. However, the prevalence of dust on Mars limits their generation capabilities by blocking the solar cells thereby hindering their access to the sunlight. Surface winds on Mars typically move about 16 to 32 km/h. Thus, a wind energy could be another way to generate energy on Mars when humans arrive but it requires frequent maintenance and protection (take-down) because unpredictable weather. The primary goal of the research is proposing and analyzing alternative wind turbine erections and minimizing energy consumption in wind tower erection on Mars.

Eric Dieckman
University of New Haven
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Additively Manufactured Metals (AMMs)

Additively manufactured materials (AMM) provide the ability to create complex parts without machining. These parts are difficult to inspect, primarily due to geometry and anisotropic/heterogeneous material properties. Detecting and classifying flaws in AMM is vital to their use in safety-critical applications, such as NASA’s spaceflight missions. NASA is developing AMM parts ranging from engines to antennas, which cannot be easily inspected - current inspection techniques are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to apply outside a lab. Use of common ultrasonic testing equipment adapted to AMM can provide a way to leverage existing technology in the nascent field of AMM testing.

Reihaneh Jamshidi
University of Hartford
Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of 3D-printed Structures for Space Applications

3D-printing facilitates creation of more complex geometries using less amounts of materials and manufacturing steps in comparison with conventional manufacturing techniques. This enables component design and fabrication of space systems with less production time and cost, and environmental impacts. The challenge however, is qualification and verification of 3D-ptinted materials for space applications, as the extreme space environment imposes stringent requirements. The proposed study will investigate the effect of thermal cycling in space, on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed parts. Thermal cycling can produce stress in structures, which contributes to mechanical defects and failure. This is extremely important for study of 3D-printed materials for space applications, as these structures are built layer upon layer, and stress can initiate delamination and breakage at the interface between the layers.

Derek Laux
Eastern Connecticut State University
Examining the Effects of Microgravity and Space Radiation on Cellular Senescence

Space travel exposes the human body to unique threats. Microgravity and cosmic radiation can both contribute to physiological health risks, including cardiovascular changes, muscle atrophy, and bone density loss. Astronauts show elevated levels of senescence, which seems to provide a molecular explanation for many of the health problems related to space travel. How microgravity and radiation induce senescence and components of these cells that may contribute to disease remain unknown. This study will address NASA’s goal of understanding biological responses to spaceflight by examining how microgravity and radiation induce cellular senescence and by examining molecular targets to alleviate age-related dysfunction.

Seok-Woo Lee
University of Connecticut
Development of Small-Scale Cryogenic Linear Actuator by Using Novel Intermetallic Compounds

Space missions often involve ultra-cold environments, and cryogenic actuators must be mechanically robust for long-term cyclic work, generate high power, as well as perform high precision motion in such extreme environments. Recently, we discovered a novel intermetallic compound CaFe2As2 that meets these demanding requirements. In this project, therefore, a new type of cryogenic linear actuator will be developed by performing the combined set of works that include the evaluation of cryogenic linear actuation performance, understanding of physics behind cryogenic actuation properties, and the development of proto-type linear actuators that operates at a temperature between 4 and 150 K.

Robert Nazarian
Fairfield University
Increased Heat Stress in a Changing Climate

In a warming climate, changes in heat stress more significantly impact human health than the increase in temperature alone; some studies go so far as to suggest that the tropics may not be habitable due to extreme heat stress. Our goal is to use an ensemble of high-resolution climate models to calculate the change in heat stress over the northeast US through 2100, focusing on the compounding effects of increasing temperature and relative humidity. This study supports NASA’s training and research missions by advancing our understanding of our changing climate and providing undergraduate students with a robust research experience.

Aaron Van Dyke
Fairfield University
Examining Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior After Long-Term Social Isolation Using Rats

The psychological and biochemical effects of living in confined conditions for prolonged periods that are typical of orbital and deep-space missions have not been fully explored. This collaborative project will examine sex-specific effects of social isolation on locomotor, anxiety, social, and cognitive behaviors using rats. Adolescent male and female rats will be confined to social isolation (1 per cage) or small groups (2-4 per cage) for 5 weeks before behaviors are assessed. Subsequently, protein markers for decision making and memory will be quantified using Western blotting. This interdisciplinary project will train undergraduate students in behavioral and biochemical techniques.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Ruth Blake
Yale University
FemLED STEAM: Young Inner-city Females Lead, Envision, and Develop for STEM

There is a shortage of Inner-city students exposed to Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). In supporting NASA’s mission directorates that seeks to inspire the pursuit of careers in STEM within traditionally unrepresented groups, the proposal’s goal is to develop a STEM workshop for inner-city females focused on STEM career development, STEM women of color history, STEM appreciation role-playing, and STEM product-creation. Participants will 1) have the confidence to pursue STEM careers, 2) advocate for peers with STEM interest, 3) develop a greater awareness of diverse STEM fields, and 4) appreciate the mentoring and cross-cultural experience with university STEM students.

Faculty-Student Summer Research Grants

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
Robotic Intelligent Grasping for Unknown Objects Using Vision, Force Sensing, and Deep Learning

This research will contribute to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate. The goal of the research is to develop a robotic intelligent grasping system using vision, force sensing, and deep learning. The system can be mounted on a vehicle on another planet to help on tasks such as retrieving samples or conducting repair or maintenance jobs. Two undergraduate students will design and prototype an error tolerant gripper and integrate it and a deep learning computer to an ABB IRB 1200 robot with integrated force control and vision. They will also develop system software for vision, force control, and deep learning

Cy Yavuzturk
University of Hartford
Transport and Flow Characteristics of Graphene-Doped Nanofluids in Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers

The objective of the proposed study is the experimental/analytical assessment of heat transfer and flow characteristics of graphene-doped nanofluids in concentric tube heat exchangers. A double-pipe system will be configured such that graphene-doped primary fluid of varying graphene volume fractions flows in the inner tube while a secondary flow of deionized water counter-flows in the annulus. The controlled changes of thermal properties will allow for the assessment of nanofluid heat transfer characteristics. The study results have implications in the characterization of heat transfer phenomena using graphene-based nanofluids in cooling applications for operation of aeronautical vehicles and related subsystems.

Faculty Project Grants

Luz Amaya
Central Connecticut State University
Design and Manufacture of Portable Solar Potable Water Generation System

“This project will design and manufacture a low-cost, portable, and efficient potable water generation system using solar power. This self-sustainable system will generate drinking water and can be utilized mainly in low-income and disasters areas. This project is a continuation of a research project with positive results, however, still requires modifications that meet design constraints such as portability, variation of atmospheric conditions (humidity and temperature), and lower manufacturing costs. Development of this system will be the first of its kind, advancing water generation systems with renewable power. Additionally, this project involves multidisciplinary research combining expertise across multiple departments.”

Bryan Connolly
Eastern Connecticut State University
Building an Open Source Micro-Tomato Breeding Collaborative for Space and Off Planet Colonies

“Tomatoes are a popular nutritious vegetable that will likely be grown on the space station and off planet colonies. A limited number of extremely small statured tomatoes, dubbed micro-tomatoes, exist that are 12” tall, making them ideal for growing in the confined habitats of space. These tomatoes have very limited genetic diversity. I propose to create diverse gene pools of small statured tomatoes by hybridizing micro-tomatoes with other tomato types that vary in color, flavor, shape etc. These gene pools will be shared with universities, schools, and amateurs to develop a network of breeders to select new micro-tomatoes for space.”

Myrta Groeneveld
Manchester Community College
Math Advancement Program

“Manchester Community College proposes a Math Advancement Program to target students placed in the lowest level of mathematics. The program promotes a mixture of learning skills, individual growth and subject mastery. We aim to create a course that provides individualized curriculum and an inviting environment, where students learn about basic concepts of mathematics as well the different resources available to them on campus and in the community. There is a need for a booster program where students can remediate their basic math skills while developing their academic and organizational skills. These skill-sets lead to an increase self-confidence and college success.”

Xin Ye
University of Hartford
Acute Effects of Combining Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Voluntary Isometric Exercise on Neuromuscular Functions

“Aligning with the Human Exploration & Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) to provide countermeasures to microgravity-induced human neuromuscular deterioration, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the acute effects of combining neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and isometric exercise (ISO) on human neuromuscular functions. At least 28 healthy participants will be recruited to participate in this 4-visit experiment. The participants will undergo different exercise modalities (Control, ISO, and NEMS + ISO), and pre- and post-measurements such as strength and motor unit firing properties will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the combined exercise modality (NMES + ISO).”

Faculty Travel Grants

Reihaneh Jamshidi
University of Hartford

Faculty Research

Leslie Frame
University of Connecticut
Development and Characterization of Extraterrestrial Soils for Local Vehicle Test Beds

The United States has existing plans to return to the Moon, send manned missions to Mars and unmanned missions to Venus.  Lesley Frame (UConn, Assistant Professor in MSE) and Jani Macari Pallis (UB, Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering) will collaborate to create regolith/soil simulants for two small realistic test beds which will emulate Lunar, Martian, and Venusian landscapes. The proposed research and resulting test beds will be used by both UConn and UB to attract students into STEM capacity building opportunities, including participation in NASA challenges and research related to exploration, transportation and housing on these extraterrestrial surfaces.

Anna Kloc
University of New Haven
Evaluating the impact of human herpesvirus infection on heart function

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The heart can be infected by viruses, which may lead to an inflammatory, and potentially life-threatening, condition known as myocarditis. Human herpesviruses, often reactivated in astronauts during space travels, have been implicated in heart disease. The goal of this research project is to analyze the genomic sequences of herpesviruses found in human cardiac samples, and characterize the expression patterns of inflammatory markers associated with heart disease. These analyses will lead to a better understanding of herpesvirus-induced heart pathology, and help develop diagnostic tools that assess cardiac disease progression. 

Robert O’Brien
University of New Haven
The Impact of Thermal Variations of Connecticut Salt Marshes on Associated Marine Wildlife as Detected Using Remote Sensing.

As a result of climate change, sea levels are rising around the globe threatening the ecological role of coastal salt marshes. Remote imagery will be used to identify thermal variations and resulting wildlife behavior at three Connecticut salt marshes. The compilation of this salt marsh specific data will add to general knowledge, particularly building on ecology, environmental science, and marine biology. The creation of an efficient procedure for obtaining temporal data using remote sensing equipment such as small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAV) and Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) cameras will optimize operational capability in future data collection missions.

Carter Takacs
University of New Haven
Investigating genetic compensation as a biological response to deleterious mutations

Prolonged human exposure to ionizing radiation in space can lead to an accumulation of genetic mutations and increased cancer risk. Recent work has revealed that genetic mutations can be tolerated through genetic compensation, which refers to an organism’s ability to compensate for deleterious mutations by turning on unaffected genes that possess similar functions. We propose to use zebrafish as a model to 1) explore how this process is triggered and 2) identify cellular factors involved in this process. Ultimately, this work will inform biological strategies to mitigate the damaging effects of radiation, thereby enabling human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.

Shue Wang
University of New Haven
Mechanoregulation of osteogenic differentiation in simulated microgravity

Microgravity causes several physiological changes during space travel, including osteoporosis-like loss of bone mass. Although it is known weight-bearing exercises could potentially lower the risk of osteoporosis, the mechanisms underlying how mechanical loading affects cells and causes bone loss is not clear. We will first quantify the effects of simulated microgravity on osteogenesis – bone formation process- and identify the key signaling related to this process. Next, we will compare osteogenic differentiation in microgravity with and without applied mechanical compression to see if this returns the functions of the normal state. Completion of this project will provide a fundamental understanding of how changes in mechanical loading cause bone loss and osteoporosis, which will in turn improve and develop new treatments.

 

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Ruth Blake
Yale University
STEMing Up!

The shortage of ethnic youth engaged in STEM indicates the need for STEM to be valued by parents— children’s first and most influential teachers. It is also often said that youth need rolemodels that “look like them”. We propose to develop an engaging workshop for parents living in underserved neighborhoods that will expose them and their children to STEM careers/research and will be presented by a team of primarily ethnic STEM professionals. Parents will receive knowledge /tools to recognize and promote STEM engagement by their young children and foundations to prepare them for future participation in STEM summer camps.

Donna Hylton
Middlesex Community College
Adventures in Learning STEM Camp

Adventures in Learning STEM Camp seeks to get children excited about learning by presenting opportunities to learn about science, technology, engineering, and math in creative and innovative ways.  Campers learn about the marvels of science through scientific experiments, experience computer technology, learn the wonders of math, and the value of engineering. This year our camp will again be working with the Middletown Public Schools to help prepare pre-school children for kindergarten by using a program called Bridges to Brilliance. This app teaches young children letters, numbers, and concepts of STEM. Children will have tablets to explore during our program and this will be reinforced by integrating Lego projects for hands-on creativity.

Faculty Project

Ruth Blake
Yale University
Direct analysis of DNA-bound phosphate: Toward combining temperature with taxonomy in the search for life

Isotope thermometry has been limited to only those organisms having biomineral hardparts such as shells, bones and teeth, which has excluded 2 entire domains of life: Bacteria and Archaea. The recently developed DNA Thermometry proxy, based on 18O:16O ratios of PO4 in DNA (DNA-PO4), now extends isotope thermometry to all lifeforms and habitats. Proposed work to develop methods for direct analysis of DNA-PO4 will allow faster analysis of smaller samples which is critical to future applications of DNA Thermometry including to linking temperature with taxonomy/metabolomics and addressing the key questions of who’s there? what they’re doing? and at what temperature?

Faculty Travel

Ivana Milanovic
University of Hartford
Travel to ASME FEDSM2020 conference in Rosen Shingle Creek Orlando, FL

One of NASA’s strategic objectives is cultivation of a workforce with the right balance of skills and experience. My research ‘Simulation-Based Approach to STEM Challenges,’ funded by CT SG Educational Grant 2019-2020, investigated the use of simulations, application building, and inquiry-based learning (IBL) in the undergraduate engineering curriculum,
specifically in the thermo-fluids topical thread. The project findings are described in detail in American Society of Mechanical Engineers Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM) conference paper ‘Unified Assessment Approach for Courses with Simulation Component.’ I am seeking funds to support travel to the ASME FEDSM2020 conference and present my research findings.

Faculty-Student Research

Sarah Maurer
Central Connecticut State University
Development of heterogenousa abiotic mixtures and analysis of their potential for chemical evolution

Heterogenous abiotic mixtures will be prepared as is produced from interstellar and geochemical reactions. These mixtures will be used to model chemical evolution as a precursor for the origin of life. The mixtures will be exposed to cycles of drying and wetting such that would happen naturally from day/night cycles. The mixtures will be analyzed using LC-MS and analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis to determine the mixtures and conditions that are most likely to lead to complexity, and possibly life. NASA supports this work through its Science directorate under the Planetary Science Division through their Exobiology program. 

Peyton DeBowsky
Manchester Community College

Nathan Linklater
Central Connecticut State University

Ameh Fioklou
University of Hartford
Agave Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Mechanical Properties Evaluation

       Composite materials have gained applications in many industries including aerospace. The current research project deals with improving the tensile capacity of concrete through the addition of agave bers. This study will investigate the mechanical properties of agave ber-reinforced concrete as a composite material. The effects of agave ber proportion on the mechanical properties of the composite will also be investigated. The mechanical characterizations will be performed using fourpoint bending test (exural testing) in accordance with ASTM C1609, split tensile strength test, and compressive test in accordance with ASTM C39.

James Greenwood
Wesleyan University
Weathering of Venus basalt

       We propose an experimental study of the weathering of Venus basalts under Venusian conditions. This work is compelling because of recent discoveries of weathering minerals from Magellan radar emissivity data (Gilmore et al., 2019). We will be testing the hypotheses that 1) chlorapatite can be formed as a weathering mineral on Venus, and 2) if pyrite can be formed as a weathering mineral on Venus. This work is directly relevant to Strategic Goal 1 of the 2018 NASA Strategic Plan, as it seeks to expand human knowledge through scientific discoveries in order to understand the Solar System 

Jessica Smith
Central Connecticut State University
Investigating the Physiology of Anaerobic Iron Respiration by Early Earth Microorganisms

       It is known that early Earth was devoid of oxygen, and that the earliest organisms that inhabited the planet respired insoluble metals including Fe(III). Furthermore, it has been proposed that Mars and other iron-rich planets are suitable for extremophilic Fe(III)-reducers. Regardless, little is known about the physiology and evolution of metal-breathing species. In this study, we propose investigating mechanisms of iron-respiration in extremophiles using genome sequencing, comparative transcriptomics, and laboratory adaptive evolution techniques with extremophilic microorganisms. Results from this research will aid in NASA’s goal to explore the “origin of life on earth and the search for life elsewhere”. 

Bryan Weber
University of Connecticut
Investigating the Atomization Process of a Modern Pressure-Swirl Aero-Engine Injector at Engine Relevant Pressures

       Despite the impact of the performance of modern liquid fuel injectors on the design and effectiveness of advanced aero-propulsion systems, the breakup processes of conical-lm injectors are not well understood. The proposed research focuses on improving the prediction of the spray cone angle and breakup length of a pressure-swirl fuel injector at elevated ambient pressures up to 15 bar. High-speed and high-resolution back-lit imaging will be utilized to capture the atomization behavior under various fuel ow rate and ambient pressure conditions, with multiple aviation fuels being utilized for testing. The experimental results will be then contrasted with established spray models.

 

 

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Harvey Hoffman
Fairfield University
Afterschool Robotics with Wakeman Boys and Girls Club

       The Afterschool Robotics at Wakeman Boys and Girls Club is a service learning Robotics course offered at Fairfield University in Spring 2020. The program aims to build a STEM pathway through mentorship between undergraduates and middle school students. The project will introduce approximately 15 undergraduate engineering students at Fairfield University to the knowledge and skills to engage in robot building and then mentor approximately 15 middle students from Wakeman Boys and Girls Club. The undergraduate students will apply their learning and demonstrate leadership in conveying technical knowledge to young learners to encourage their interest and capabilities in STEM.

Edward Moran
Wesleyan University
The 2020 Sturm Memorial Lecture

       The Sturm Lecture is an annual public event that is designed to bring the excitement of astrophysics and space science to members of the Wesleyan campus and the greater Middletown area. A diverse audience of 200-250 people is expected.

Faculty-Student Research

Miad Faezipour
University of Bridgeport
ECG-Based Cardiac Assessment for Microgravity and High Altitude Atmospheres

       This research project focuses on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal characteristics and introduces novel methods to identify certain types of arrhythmia and/or the onset of heart attack with high accuracy. This is especially important as fatal heart episodes have been reported in connection with takeoffs and landings as well as high-altitude atmospheres. Signal processing techniques will be employed to identify ECG characteristic feature points and then machine learning will be applied to classify the signal into healthy or classes of irregular ECG beats. The proposed techniques are intended to conveniently assist monitoring the heart functionality in conditions such as aerospace environments. 

Eoin King
University of Hartford
Assessment of Aircraft Noise Abatement Strategies

       This project will examine approaches to environmental noise control at airports across the US and quantify the effectiveness of various noise abatement strategies. This will be achieved by i) conducting a large-scale survey of noise abatement strategies across 280 airports, ii) assessing trends in noise complaint data for selected airports, and iii) assessing overall trends in noise exposure data (where available). Research will be conducted by two undergraduate students with backgrounds in engineering and/or data analytics.

Faculty Research

Lindsey Hanson
Trinity College
Nanoparticle-polymer composites as optical stress sensors for early damage detection

Early detection of stress concentration is vital to the prevention of catastrophic failures in
aerospace components. An optical stress sensor, or material that converts mechanical stress into
an optical readout, would allow for non-destructive, high throughput assessment of stresses before
damage progresses. Recent work showed that the absorbance spectrum of gold nanoparticles
changes with compressive stress. However, neither the effect of uniaxial compression or tension
on the optical response nor that of incorporating the particles into a polymer is known. In this
project, we will lay the foundations for self-reporting composite materials by incorporating gold
nanoparticles into polymers and studying their optomechanical properties.

Susan Masino
Trinity College
Tree-based carbon: A comparison of existing models, direct measurement and citizen science

Accurate measurements of tree volume and associated carbon storage are necessary to determine ongoing negative carbon emissions. Recent detailed measurements have found that the volume of larger, older trees is underestimated systematically. NASA satellites and missions have been focused on studying forests and the movement of carbon through ecosystems, and recently started a ground-based citizen science initiative using smartphones to measure tree height. Here, we partner established experts and undergraduate students to compare data gathered with traditional tools, state-of-the-art instrumentation and the citizen science initiative to enable cross-validation and highly accurate measurements of large trees growing within a forest setting.

John Mertens
Trinity College
Optimization of Chemical Kinetics Model of NH3 Combustion Using Experimental Data

Developing the most efficient methods for Energy Storage is critical for many power systems, both
on earth and in space. Major new international efforts are underway to study the use of ammonia
(NH3) as an energy carrier, i.e. storing energy by synthesizing ammonia, and later recouping the
energy by combusting the ammonia. The goal of this study is to develop the definitive detailed gas
phase chemical reaction mechanism for ammonia combustion, using extensive pre-existing and
additional new experimental measurements as benchmarks. This is strongly related to NASA’s
Goal 2: Advance understanding of Earth and develop technologies to improve the quality of life on
our home planet.

Rob Narzarian
Fairfield University
Global Impacts of Mixing in Submarine Canyons

Model simulations and observations suggest that individual submarine canyons can be regions of intense ocean mixing. Our goal is to calculate the total amount of the ocean’s mixing occurring in submarine canyons and determine its role in sustaining the ocean’s circulation. We will utilize a high-resolution ocean topography map and computational model for energy fluxes to calculate the mixing within each canyon based on Nazarian 2017a. This study supports NASA’s training and research missions by advancing our understanding of the distribution of mixing and its role in ocean circulation, as well as providing undergraduate students with a robust research experience.

Noah Planavsky
Yale University
Towards an Understanding of Phosphorus Cycling on Waterworlds

Phosphorus is a key factor for life as we know it.. Continental weathering is considered
the only source of phosphorus to the oceans, implying that fluid-rich exoplanets (so called
waterworlds) may be biological deserts due to severe phosphorus limitation. However, in
contrast to the prevailing view, preliminary results from anoxic alteration experiments with
crystalline basalt indicate that anoxic basalt alteration is an efficient source of bioavailable
phosphorus. We plan to extend this research with experiments at a range of environmental
conditions, pH, pressure, and basalt types to provide a more robust framework to make predictions about exoplanetary biospheres.

Faculty STEM Education Research 

Elizabeth Cowles
Eastern Connecticut State University
Going Further: Do High School Research Experiences Impact Persistence in STEM?

Attracting students to enter STEM fields is a NASA strategic goal. Research experience for undergraduates increases their persistence in STEM. Can research do the same for high school students? Here we assess the outcomes of a high school biotechnology research program. Our objectives are to analyze the effects of the following on applications and acceptances to college: student research participation, family influences, mentor-pairing and credentials in skill acquisition. The results will provide evidence on the most effective practices for attracting, retaining, and supporting students into college STEM programs.

Ivana Milanovic
University of Hartford
Simulation-Based Approach to STEM Challenges

One of NASA’s strategic objectives is cultivation of a workforce with the right balance of skills and experience. The proposed research will investigate the use of simulations,  application building, and inquiry-based learning (IBL) in the undergraduate engineering curriculum, specifically in the thermo-fluids topical thread. The objectives are to address the challenges of (1) moving students from being successful in highly structured tasks to navigating the unstructured tasks, and (2) fulfilling the ABET student outcome (k) which states that students should have the ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Donna Hylton
Middlesex Community College
Adventures in Learning STEM Camp

Adventures in Learning STEM Camp seeks to get children excited about learning by presenting opportunities to learn about science, technology, engineering, and math in creative and innovative ways.  Campers learn about the marvels of science through scientific experiments, experience computer technology, learn the wonders of math, and the value of engineering. This year our camp will be working with the Middletown Public Schools to help prepare pre-school children for kindergarten by using a program called Bridges to Brilliance. This app teaches young children letters, numbers, and concepts of STEM. Children will have tablets to explore during our program and this will be reinforced by integrating Lego projects for hands-on creativity.

William Herbst
Wesleyan University
A public Lecture on Astronomy at Wesleyan University

We propose to build on the legacy of the Sturm Memorial Lecture Series and contribute to a celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of NASA’s landing on the Moon by providing a public lecture on the topic of astronomy by a prominent astrophysicist for the greater central Connecticut community.

Faculty-Student Summer Research

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
A wearable system for quick visualization and diagnosis of issues in space using mixed reality technology

This research will contribute to NASA’s Human Exploration and Development of Space strategic enterprise. The goal of the research is to develop a wearable system based on mixed reality (augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)) to help human quickly visualize and diagnose issues in space vehicles or habitats. Two undergraduate students will design and prototype the system which integrates Microsoft Hololens (AR), HTC VIVE and MANUS VR (VR), and a computer through software development using their application programming interface (API).

Faculty Research

Djedjiga Belfadel
Fairfield University
Robust Approach for Space Based Imaging Sensors Alignment
“Accurate space born sensor calibration is a critical element for space exploration and space technology enhancement. The aim of this project is the improvement of space born imaging sensor, by removing systematic errors from the sensor output, to contribute to the urgent national security need to protect our nation against enemy ballistic missiles. To achieve this goal, The PI and students will develop a computational model to improve the accuracy of the sensor calibration, in real time, while simultaneously tracking the target. This project will expose students to complex mathematical and computational problems and allow them to work on projects related to space technology. “

Clayton Byers
Trinity College
Energetics and Decay of Isotropic Turbulence from an Oscillating Grid
“A theoretical and experimental study of isotropic turbulence is performed by designing, building, and utilizing an oscillating grid. The influence of the grid geometry on the energy spectrum and decay rate of the turbulence is investigated. The effect of these different physical initial conditions leads to a clearer understanding of the turbulence energy cascade and dynamics, enabling an assessment of how turbulence is initialized in computational simulations. This will supply researchers and engineers with refined capabilities in studying turbulence, ranging from climate and weather models, computer simulations of turbulence over airfoils and other complex bodies, and even stellar turbulence dynamics.”

Khaled Elleithy
University of Bridgeport
Collaboration with Akram Abu-aisheh, University of Hartford
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Overlay End System Multicast (ESM) for Stable and Fast Streaming of Multimedia Applications over Satellite Networks
“This grant will be used to investigate the issues related to the implementation of Overlay End-System Multicast to support satellite Internet and networks. Furthermore, we will develop both analytical and mathematical models to evaluate the performance of overlay networks for stable and fast streaming of multimedia applications over satellite networks. The results produced by this research would help satellite networks designers to design and implement more robust and efficient future networks that support variety of multimedia applications. The objectives of this proposal are very relevant and extremely important to NASA strategic goal 4 Optimize Capabilities and Operations.”

Kevin Huang
Trinity College
Collaboration with Haoyu Huang, Central Connecticut State University 
VR/AR Mediated Teleoperation of Dexterous and Legged Space Robots(Continued collaboration research between CCSU and Trinity College)
“This work aims to extend the decision making and adaptiveness of human beings to space operations through remotely operated robots. Autonomous robots alone are poorly suited for handling unpredictable environments. Our previous work implemented state of the art virtual reality (VR) interfaces and software bridges for teleoperated dexterous robots at two academic institutions, Trinity College and Central Connecticut State University (CCSU). Beyond continuing promising work toward this end, we will develop novel regimes for human-controlled legged locomotion of space robots. This novel interface will enable robots to overcome challenging terrain in order to reach and complete a dexterous task.”

Natalie Schultz
Yale University
Measuring Fine-Scale Urban Carbon Dioxide Emissions using a UAV Sensor System
“Urban areas are the dominant source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere, yet cities also have major opportunities to implement climate change mitigation measures. However, it remains a challenge to directly measure fine-scale urban  CO2 emissions. The objective of this project is to quantify urban CO2 emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution using a low-cost sensor system aboard a lightweight UAV. This research will advance our understanding of urban CO2 dynamics, as well as provide a method that has the potential to be widely deployed across cities for urban CO2 monitoring. “

Paul Slaboch
University of Hartford
Characterization of the Acoustic Absorption of Hollow Cylinders
“Commercial aircraft engine fan noise is currently controlled through the use of acoustic liners on the inside of the engine cowling. Recent studies have found that hollow cylinders packed closely together can act as an acoustic liner. The cylinders have been shown to exhibit better acoustic absorption below 1000 Hz than traditional liners, however the physical mechanism behind the absorption is not well understood. This project will develop experimental and computational methodologies to characterize the acoustic absorption of various configurations of additively manufactured cylinders to better understand the underlying mechanisms. This work directly supports Strategic Thrust 3A of the NASA Aeronautics Strategic Plan 2016.”

Kamau Wright
University of Hartford
Scaling Effects of Multiple Plasma Discharges On Decomposition of CO2
“This study will investigate the scaling effect of using multiple plasma micro-discharges on decomposition of CO2. Plasma – an ionized gas – will be generated in the laboratory using electrical energy from high voltage power supplies. While decomposition of CO2 has been demonstrated with various types of discharges, the challenge remains in achieving high conversion rates while maintaining reasonably high efficiency. This system has the potential to generate value-added products such as oxygen, from decomposition of CO2, helping to enable the ability of human space explorers to operate further away from Earth, as they are facilitated by in situ oxygen production methods.”

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Alison Draper
Trinity College
“Tech Savvy 2019 Conference for Girls”

Faculty Research

Rebecca Kramer
Yale University
"Bagbots: Using Robotic Skins for Deployable Self-Constructing Soft Robots"
The ideal robotic system for space and extraterrestrial applications would be one that is lightweight and compact during transport, but able to adapt its stiffness, structure, and mass for task performance. The goal of the proposed project is to realize deployable self-constructing robots (bagbots) based on robotic skins that ingest and manipulate material. A bagbot will be transported as a lightweight system, but will perform forceful tasks by self-constructing a body made from clay or regolith surface materials. Bagbots are optimal for exploration of unknown environments, which directly contributes to NASA’s strategic goal to expand human knowledge through scientific discoveries.

Corey O’Hern
Yale University
"Using Geometric Cohesion to Make Strong, Light-Weight Materials"
Entangled granular media such as u-shaped particles can be packed into low-density, jammed structures that resist compression and extension. Prior work has shown that these materials can be used as freestanding, load-bearing structures under gravity. Using experimentally validated computer simulations, we will demonstrate the existence of geometric cohesion in zero-gravity environments, and study the effect of variations in particle shape, friction coefficient, and bending rigidity on the mechanical properties of geometrically cohesive packings. We will develop the capability to program materials with a given strength that can be efficiently disassembled through vibration, and reassembled for the next application.

Christina Zito
University of New Haven
"Evaluating the Impact of Endothelial Cell Derived Exosomes on Skeletal Muscle Viability and Homeostasis"
Prolonged exposure to microgravity results in skeletal muscle atrophy. The aim of this proposal is to study how different cell types regulate skeletal muscle homeostasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry specific cargo to neighboring cells and tissues where they affect protein function, gene expression, and ultimately cell viability and cell function. We will study whether exosomes derived from endothelial cells play a role in regulating skeletal homeostasis. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in regulating skeletal muscle viability will help in the development of new treatments for the prevention or quick reversal of muscle atrophy.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Donna Hylton
Middlesex Community College
"Adventures in Learning - STEM Camp"

Faculty Travel

Ali Senejani
University of New Haven

Faculty Research

Matthew Graham
Eastern Connecticut State University
"Knock, Knock, Who's There? A Diversity Discovery Mission of Unculturable Bacteria in Scorpions"
Antimicrobial resistance is the survival of bacteria in the presence of antibiotics. Each year 25,000 Americans die because our current antibiotics cannot kill their infections. Bacterial infections are a growing concern in space too. As most antibiotics used today were isolated from bacteria, the discovery of new antibiotics requires the discovery of new bacteria. This proposal seeks the discovery of novel bacteria from ancient organisms, scorpions. A series of sophisticated molecular techniques, performed by undergraduates, will reveal the collection of bacteria (the microbiome) found in two different scorpion species, at a level of unprecedented detail. The research has implications for treating antimicrobial resistance on earth and in space.

Ivana Milanovic
University of Hartford
"Fighting Howls and Hisses in Jet Engine"
One of NASA’s goals is to achieve substantial noise reduction for future subsonic aircraft. This is a challenge since not all underlying causes of aircraft noise are understood. This project will investigate two dual-stream nozzle configurations using Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) with the objective of predicting the appearance of tones in jet engines and their sources. The focus of the work is on exploring the nature of duct modes. First, elements of the numerical procedure will be studied for a 4-strut nozzle, validating the results with existing experimental data. The approach will be applied to a 3-strut geometry and different excitation methods. The proposed study will lead to methods for suppression or avoidance of undesirable tones in aircraft engines.

Brian Stewart
Wesleyan University
"An Improved Model of Molecular Vibrational Energy Transfer"
This research will build energy transfer scaling relationships valid at the high velocities important in modeling shocked gases in hypersonic flight and atmospheric entry by combining experimental and computational determinations of rate coefficients with insight from simple models. Existing mostly empirical models rely upon low-velocity, one-dimensional scaling. Prior experiments have demonstrated the limitations of one-dimensional dynamics and the importance of including the rotational degree of freedom. These insights will be the starting point for an improved model. The grant will provide the foundation for this effort by extending experimental capabilities, providing computational time, and supporting ongoing collaborations.

Faculty STEM Education Research

Milagros Castillo-Montoya
University of Connecticut
"College Instructors Learning to Teach Subject Matter to Socially Diverse Students"
College and university instructors are teaching increasingly diverse college students-with little or no preparation, particularly within the STEM fields. Through an embedded case study of 10 college instructors, this project seeks to understand how faculty, including those in STEM, learn to teach their subjects in ways that enhance diverse students' academic learning  by connecting the subject matter to students' lives. Preliminary findings show the STEM faculty grapple with knowing how to make substantive connections between their students' lives and the content of their disciplines. Findings have implications for the teaching and learning of undergraduate education, particularly in STEM fields.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Geillan Aly
University of Hartford
"Field Trip to National Museum of Mathematics"

Ryan Munden
Fairfield University
"STEM Outreach Through Robotics Service Learning"

Faculty Research Grant

Abdelshakour Abuzneid
University of Bridgeport

"Computer-Aided Simulator and Benchmark Testbed for the Internet of WSNs Using Satellite Link Communications"
The Internet of Wireless Sensor Networks (IoWSN) consists of many sensors and collects data from remote areas, which are used to help science labs located in space. However, due to the limited computational capabilities and battery lifetime of sensors, applications need to be judicious in using of the resource. The contributions of this research will include the implementation of an application to integrate space station and satellites to control IoWSN efficiently. The IoWSN will be investigated and built using satellite link communications. This project aims to alleviate unnecessary communications and to improve the performance, security and lifetime.  Such networks will be used to improve the life of earth by applying this technology in many applications.

Paul Slaboch
University of Hartford
"Effect of Aft Rotor on Forward Blade Wake in Counter Rotating Open Rotors"

Counter rotating open rotor (CROR) propulsion systems produce a large operating efficiency increase over conventional aircraft engines. The noise radiated by the CROR limits the functionality of the system. A significant portion of the noise is generated by the ingestion of forward rotor blade wakes by the aft rotor. This project will describe the effects of the aft rotor on the forward blade wakes through detailed analysis of an experimental dataset acquired by NASA Glenn Research Center. These effects can be directly correlated to the far field acoustics that prohibit this technology from being utilized in commercial aviation.

Xingguo Xiong
University of Bridgeport

"Balloon/Drone-based Aerial Platforms for Remote Particulate Matter Pollutant Monitoring"
Detailed data about distribution of Particulate Matter (PM) pollutants and their diffusion are essential to evaluate their effects on human health and environment. This research aims at developing balloon and drone based aerial platforms for remote PM pollutant monitoring. Compared to ground-mounted PM sensors, balloon/drone based aerial platforms cover much wider areas with better flexibility.  They can monitor remote, dangerous or difficult-to-access locations. Such platforms can be used not only for PM monitoring but also for studying climate change, ecological rehabilitation, among others.

Faculty STEM Education

Seth Redfield
Wesleyan University

"A Public Lecture on Astronomy at Wesleyan University"

Faculty Research

Brendan Cunningham
Eastern Connecticut State University
“The Efficient Use of Space Orbit”
This project looks at the inefficiencies with the use of earth orbit and how launch satellites are decided by satellite operators. There will be an analysis of the strategies satellite operators use in response to allocation mechanisms that may allow the satellite services to improve.

Andrea Kwaczala
University of Hartford
“Using Acoustic Waves as a Therapeutic Tool to Mitigate Bone Loss During Spaceflight”
A device will be developed that can eliminate microgravity-induced bone loss effects. It will be applying acoustic waves to the growth of stem cells in vitrowith the use of biosensors, automation and telemedicine.

Jillian Smith-Carpenter
Fairfield University
“Characterization of Dithiolane-Modified Self-Assembly Structures”
Dithiolane-modified peptides will be synthesized, purified, and characterized. This will allow the relationship between pH and the supramolecular peptide self-assembly structures to be investigated.

Bryan Weber
University of Connecticut
“Measurement of Chemical Pathways During Autoignition at High Pressure”
A system with the ability to measure species fractions during autoignition will be developed. Gas samples will be collected by the system from a rapid compression machine at a high pressure. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry will allow a species will be identified and quantified.

Faculty STEM Education Research

Nancy DeJarnette
University of Bridgeport
“Children’s Engineering K-5 Initiative”

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Alison Draper
Trinity College
“Tech Savvy 2017 Conference for Girls”

Faculty Travel

Amanda Harper-Leatherman
Fairfield University

Faculty-Student Summer Research

Luyi Sun
University of Connecticut
"Nanocoatings With Outstanding Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardancy for Aerospace Applications"
"In the summer of 2016, three community college students and one University of Connecticut (UCONN) undergraduate student worked in my lab. The students worked on a group of nanocoatings containing a high concentration of well-aligned nanosheets. Because of unique micro-structure, such nanocoatings exhibit outstanding mechanical, barrier, optical, and flame retardant properties. The four students were divided into two groups, with one focused on flame retardant nanocoatings, the other on iridescent nanocoatings with potential applications in sensors, etc. Both did a great job, and are expected to publish a paper late this year based on their research results produced this summer."

Theodore Sussman
University of Hartford
"Infrastructure Condition Assessment With Space Based Lidar"
“This grant provided a unique opportunity to explore remote sensing data available from satellites and other space vehicles. This data can be very useful for infrastructure monitoring applications and gaining experience with this data was a valuable experience. The initial goal of the research was to identify the position of a bridge on the University of Hartford campus and verify changes in the positioning of the bridge from the satellite data with on the ground measurements. Instead, the students obtained data from each available system and developed images of the University of Hartford campus in attempt to locate the bridge.”

Haoyu Wang
Central Connecticut State University
"Tele-Operating Collaborative Robot With Virtual Reality for Repair Jobs in Space"
“A system was designed and prototyped to tele-operate a collaborative industrial robot with a virtual reality (VR) device. The VR device used in the project was VIVE from HTC, and the collaborative industrial robot chosen was YUMI dual arm robot from ABB. A software was also developed to realize the control from VIVE on YUMI, which was written in combination of C#, C++, and RAPID languages. This work built solid foundation for future research in VR control of industrial robot on repair jobs in space. It also has broad potential applications on earth, such as long distance repair and maintenance.”

Roman Zajac
University of New Haven
"Assessing Salt Marsh Change Using Low Level Aerial Imagery"
“Salt marshes around the world are exhibiting marked erosion, loss of area, and shifts in their component habitats, thus compromising their ecological value. This project used low-level aerial imagery obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, to quantify elements of salt marsh landscape structure that are indicators of salt marsh change (SMC). Tracking and characterizing these mechanisms of change within ecosystems is a key element of NASA’s strategic plan in order to advance our understanding of Earth systems.”

Peter LeMaire
Central Connecticut State University
"Lithium Ion Cathode Preparation and Characterization"
“This project is part of a larger research focus in the area of electrochemical energy storage devices, (e.g. Li ion rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors), in the Department of Physics & Engineering Physics (PEP) at CCSU. In this project, the students synthesized various non-stoichiometric combinations of  LiMn_2-xFe_xO₄;  0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 cathode materials by the sol-gel method. Along the way, they learned valuable research techniques in the preparation of materials, the stability of these materials using DSC/TGA, and X-Ray diffraction for the study of the structure of materials.”

Community College Quadcopter Challenge

Douglas Hoffman
Northwestern Connecticut Community College
Quad Squad Teams A and B

Stella Litwinowicz
Housatonic Community College
Housatonic Flyers

Ren Sharma
Naugatuck Valley Community College
NV Fly High

Jakob Spjut
Quinebaug Valley Community College
QQ (Quinebaug Quadcopter)

Faculty Collaboration Grant

Dr. James Greenwood
Wesleyan University
"Chondrule Formation Experiments"

Faculty Research Grant

Dr. Nidal Al-Masoud
Central Connecticut State University
"Omni-Directional Robotic Rover: Wheel-Soft Soil Interaction, Control, and Agility"
In this project, theoretical analysis along with experimental validation of a new approach to enhance the maneuverability and traction of a smart robot on uneven, soft soil similar to the terrains encountered in planetary exploration missions.  Based on obtained research, the future control scheme of this project will include stability analysis, motion control, obstacle avoidance, and adaptability to terrain topography.

Dr. Kagya Amoako
University of New Haven
"Developing Anti-Bacterial Surfaces for Preventing 'Sick' Spacecrafts"
This study aims to develop new surfaces that can fight off bacteria contamination in spacecrafts.  The ultimate goal of this project is to develop nitric oxide (NO) releasing polydimethylsiloxane polymer sheets that are able to release NO for days to weeks.  Such material will not only impact antibacterial surface development but also thrombosis, blood-contacting medical devices, and foreign body response research.

Dr. Richard Christenson
University of Connecticut
"Dynamic Load Testing of a Spacecraft Parachute Deployment System Using Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring"
This project will demonstrate a new methodology for physical experimentation of spacecraft components subjected to shock and vibration, namely Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring (RTHS).  This new method has the potential to reduce costs and allow for system level performance to be more accurately tested earlier in the component design process.  This project is highly relevant to NASA strategic goals to improve the technology of component testing of Parachute Deployment System for Mars exploration and is anticipated to lead to funding from NASA to further develop RTHS test capabilities for spacecraft shock and vibration testing.

Dr. Amanda Harper-Leatherman
Fairfield University
"Incorporating Aerogels Into Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors"
A biosensor is an analytical device that that can be used to detect analytes relevant to medicine, the environment, and food.  The effects of incorporating glucose oxidase into aerogels for use in biosensors for glucose detection was studied to see if the large porosity and surface area of aerogels would help to improve the overall biosensor performance and signal.  It was the team's hope to enhance understanding of glucose electrochemical biosensing with the ultimate goal of helping in the future development of biosensors for other clinically or industrially relevant targets including any relevant to human activity in space.

Dr. Andre Taylor
Yale University
"Flexible Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Solar Cells"
This project proposes to use materials chemistry, micro/nano fabrication techniques to develop flexible solar cells that minimize weigh without the sacrifice in power conversion efficiency.  The research plan includes synthesizing organic and organometallic molecules that will facilitate the construction of networks for the dissociation of excitons, collection of carriers and the absorption of photons, improve the area and efficiency of CNT/Si hybrid solar cells, and demonstrate CNT/Si solar cells that are flexible.  These research efforts could improve energy generation for water recovery, energy storage, and waste reclamation that are all critical challenges for human space missions.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Dr. Ryan McCulloch
University of Bridgeport
"NGSS K-12 Teachers Workshop"

Dr. Ryan Munden
University of Fairfield
"Fairfield/ACCESS Enhanced Summer STEAM Camp"

Dr. Seth Redfield
Wesleyan University
"A Public Lecture on Astronomy at Wesleyan University"

Dr. Eileen Roark
Manchester Community College
"Introducing Students to STEM Careers Student Conference"

Faculty Travel

Dr. Jani Pallis
University of Bridgeport
CSBF in Palestine, Texas (for HASP)

Faculty Research

Scott Graves
Southern Connecticut University
"Osprey's View of Coastal Resiliency in Urban Environments (Osprey CRUE)"
The Osprey CRUE Project (Osprey’s View of Coastal Resilience in Urban Environments) provided a unique opportunity to further develop our Research Agenda in µUAS deployment for mapping coastal habitats. The project is/was a perfect test-bed for furthering our research in monitoring coastal habitat, and in providing both the time and resources to prove the viability and utility of µUAS for this unique low altitude remote sensing of coastal environments.

Baikun Li
University of Connecticut
"Conversion of Human Wastes to Electricity in Microbial Fuel Cells: Towards Self-Sustaining Life Support Systems"
The objective of this project is to develop a novel multiple-anode/cathode MFC (MAC-MFC) as a simple compact on-site human urine treatment system and electricity population device.  By using electrogenic bacteria indigenous in human wastes, the proposed MAC-MFC system can enhance biofilm growth on electrode surface, accelerate the electron transfer, and integrate multiple MFC units in a single unit to achieve high power output at a small footprint.  With numerous MFC applications from NASA's standpoint, the novel MAC-MFC system is expected to solve accumulation of waste and generate electricity on long-term space missions.

Julian Norato
University of Connecticut
"A Geometry Projection Method for the Topology Optimization of a Skin-Space Frame System"
A computational method for the design of rigid lunar and planetary habitats made of a space frame covered by a constant-thickness skin. A methodology was developed whereby an analytical geometry description of a set of bars is projected onto a fixed finite element grid for the topology optimization of 2-dimensional frames. This project will significantly advance this formulation to encompass the above requirements for habitat design by accommodating 3-dimensional frames, incorporating a constant-thickness skin, enforcing stress constraints, and incorporating the design-dependent distributed loads.

Nimmi Sharma
Central Connecticut University
"Earth Atmosphere Studies Using NASA-type Micro Pulse Laser Radar and CCD Camera Lidar"
The project will advance understanding of the impact of aerosols (small particulates suspended in the atmosphere) on the earth's climate and help improve health by developing methods to monitor and track aerosol pollutants.  By combining three different types of instruments – a NASA-type Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) system, sunphotometers and a unique CCD Camera Lidar (CLIDAR) system, the team will conduct experiments and data analysis to generate aerosol maps of how aerosol patterns change over time and altitude.  These aerosol maps will be useful for climate modelling, research/enforcement on air pollution and quality, studies of atmospheric transport and weather, and public policy-making.

Fu-Shang (John) Wei
Central Connecticut University
"Design & Test of a Scaled K-MAX Helicopter Using Universal Joints"
The goal of this research is to explore the possibility of increasing the helicopter operational envelop by changing the rotor shaft tilt angle without impacting the power and lift of the system. This is an important tradeoff design parameter for K-MAX intermeshing rotors. Bevel gears and universal joints are two different types of design which can be used to achieve the required rotor shaft tilt angle. This grant provides a research opportunity to work with Kaman helicopter, discuss with Kaman helicopter expert and prepare a presentation opportunity to the national technical society.

Faculty STEM Education Programming

Dr. Michele Dischino
Central Connecticut University
"Biomedical Engineering and Technology: The Power to Move"

Alison Draper
Trinity College
"CT Tech Savvy Conference 2015"

Amrys Williams
Wesleyan University
"Under Connecticut Skies"

Faculty STEM Education Research

Mary C. Arico
University of Hartford
"Creation of an Evaluation Tool for STEM Programming"

Faculty Travel

Wook-Sung Yoo
Fairfield University
47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education in Memphis, TN